Module 15 (vocabulary is on Biology ipad app) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
0
Q

A biologist studies two plants. The flowers of the first plant open each morning and close each night. The second plant’s flowers stay open all of the time. However, if the plant is placed so that one of its sides is in the shade and the other is in the sunlight, the plant will eventually grow so that all of its leaves point towards the sunlight. Which plant is using nastic movement and which is using phototropism?

A

The first plant is using nastic movements and the second is using phototropism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Name the four processes for which plants require water. Which of these processes can be neglected for a short amount of time?

A

A plant uses water for photosynthesis, turgor pressure, hydrolysis, and transport; turgor pressure can be ignored for a short time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Briefly describe the cohesion-tension theory of water transport in plants.

A

The cohesion-tension theory states that when water evaporates through the stomata in a plant’s leaves, a deficit of water is created. This causes the water molecules just below those that evaporated to move up and take their place. Since water molecules like to stay together, however, the water molecules just below the ones that moved up also move up, in order to stay close. This causes a chain reaction, eventually causing water from the roots to move up into other parts of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do xylem cells need to be alive in order for xylem to do their job? Why or why not?

A

Xylem cells need not be alive for xylem to do their job; they need not play an active role in transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do phloem cells need to be alive in order for xylem to do their job? Why or why not?

A

Phloem cells must be alive in order for the phloem to do their job, because the phloem cells take an active part in translocation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What substances do xylem contain? What substances do phloem contain?

A

Xylem contain water and dissolved materials, while phloem contain sugar and organic substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do insectivorous plants really eat insects? Why or why not?

A

Insectivorous plants do not really eat insects. They decompose the insects and use their raw materials for biosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

From a genetic point of view, what is the difference between vegetative reproduction and sexual reproduction in plants?

A

Vegetative reproduction leads to offspring with genetic codes which are identical the parent. Sexual reproduction leads to offspring with genetic codes which are similar to, but not identical to, the parents’ genetic codes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A gardener says that one limb of his crabapple tree now produces normal-sized apples. What must the gardener have done to make this happen.

A

The gardener must have grafted limbs from a tree that produces normal-sized apples to his crabapple tree.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the male reproductive organ of a flower? What is the female reproductive organ?

A

The stamen is the male reproductive organ, and the carpel is the female reproductive organ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why are the pollen grains and embryo sacs of flowers sometimes considered the gametophyte generation in an alternation of generations life cycle?

A

Both structures are multicellular, and they both reproduce using gametes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two types of cells are found in a pollen grain?

A

sperm cell; tube nuclues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Typically, how many cells are in an embryo sac? How many of them get fertiziled?

A

Typically, there are seven cells in an embryo sac. Two of these cells get fertizied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

See problem #15 on page 494

A

a. stigma
b. style
c. ovary
d. ovule
e. sepal
f. anther
g. filament
h. petal
i. receptacle
j. pedicel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

See problem #16 on page 494

A

carpel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

See problem #17 on page 494

A

stamen

16
Q

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?

A

Pollination is simply the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma, while fertilization is the act of the sperms fusing with the egg and the large central nucleus in the embryo sac.

17
Q

How many sperm cells are used in plant fertilization?

A

2

18
Q

Where does the endosperm come from? What is its purpose?

A

comes from the fertilization of the large, two-nucleus cell that is at the center of the embryo sac; it provides nutrition for the developing embryo.

19
Q

The cotyledon or cotyledons help provide food for the plant before and often after germination. How do cotyledons accomplish each task?

A

Cotyledons either absorb the endosperm or aid in the transfer of nutrients from the endosperm to the embryo. After germination, they often perform the first photosynthesis in the plant.

20
Q

Name the three basic parts of the plant embryo and what each gives rise to in germination.

A

The three basic parts are the radicle, the hypocotyl, and the epicotyl. The radicle becomes the root, the hypocotyl the stem, and the epicotyl gives rise to the first true leaves of the plant.

21
Q

What the purpose of a fruit?

A

it allows for the dispersal of seeds to places away from the parent

22
Q

Name at least three ways in which pollen is transferred from the stamens of one flower to the carpel of another.

A

wind, bees, beetles, birds, moths, or butterflies

23
Q

Why are cotyledons sometimes called “seed leaves?”

A

They form leaf-like structures if they end up rising above ground with the seedling.