2.2 Flashcards
Explain the Psychodynamic theory of psychoanalysis?
Fraud said early childhood experiences impact on criminality, ‘the child is the father to the man’ was his view. Personality contains three elements the Id, ego and superego. It’s the superego that impacts the conscious part of the brain and is developed early in life. If it’s underdeveloped a person is more likely to become a criminal. – feel less guilty
Explain Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory?
A maternal attachment creates emotions and affects the psychodynamic of a person. 39% of all young juveniles suffered maternal deprivation, from a 5% control group.
Explain Eysenck personality theory?
Extraverts’ vs introverts, neuroticism vs emotional stability. Extroverts the outgoing social people need conditioning (take risks for pleasure) as they receive less pleasure from within, they seek it in other ways, whereas introverts are self-restrained and thoughtful and don’t need conditioning.
Explain the learning theory of Sutherlands differential association theory?
Argues individuals learn crime and imitate someone they look up to or a role model like a family member or friend. They learn attitudes about values and behaviour that are often unfavourable to the law so are likely to become criminals. E.g. white-collar crime everyone is committing it so its normalised.
Explain the learning theory of Operant learning theory?
idea that if a certain behaviour is rewarded its more likely to be repeated and on the other hand an undesirable behaviour is less likely to be repeated as an individual would have been punished. Behaviourism is when someone lies so isn’t punishment to shape it. Differential reinforcement theory is the idea that some crimes have rewarding consequences so is more likely to be repeated. E.g. financial.
Explain Social learning theory?
Bandura argues that we learn behaviour from imitating others. We imitate a model’s behaviour like a parent or older friend. Experiment involving Bobo dolls showed that if a group of 5yr olds were shown aggressive behaviour they would likely repeat it.
Explain the cognitive theory of criminal personality theory:
Yochelson said that criminals have certain faulty thinking and lack empathy but also a need for power and control. These errors lead to people committing crimes.
Explain the cognitive theory of Kohlberg’s moral development theory?
Idea at pre conventional stage in life (childhood) we learn what is right and wrong. This theory states that criminals are morally less mature and solely think their actions will lead to either punishments or rewards.
