2.2 - 2.6 - Cell structure

Question 1

What separates a cell from it surrondings?

Answer 1

-Cells are separated by their surrounding environment by a cell membrane

Question 2

What is located inside the cell membrane and what is its function?

Answer 2

-Within the cell membrane is they cytoplasm
-Eukaryotic cells have organelles contained within their cytoplasm
-Organelles are subcellular components where specific proccess take place within the cell

Question 3

What organelles are present in a eukaryotic organism?

Answer 3

-Nucleus
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes
.Plant cells contain the following additional structures
-Cell wall
-Chloroplast
- Permanent Vacuole

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 4

Nucleus- Contains genetic material in chromosomes which controls how cells grow and work it also controls cell division

Question 5

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm- cytoplasm supports cell structure, its the sight of many chemical reactions, contains water and many solutes

Question 6

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

Cell membrane- Holds the cell together, also controls the substances that enter and leave the cell

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

Cell wall- Gives the cell extra support and defines it shape

Question 8

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 8

Chloropast- Site of photosynthesis, providing food for the plants. The chlorophyll pigment absorbs light energy needed for the reaction to occur

Question 9

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 9

Vacuole- Contains cell sap, Used for storage of certain materials, also helps support the shape of the cell

Question 10

What is the function of the mictrocondria?

Answer 10

Mitochondria - Site of aerobic respiration, providing energy for the cell, cells with higher levels of metabolism(carrying out many different cells reactions ) will have significantly higher numbers of mitochondria than cells with lower number of reactions taking place

Question 11

What are ribosomes?

Answer 11

Ribosomes - sight of protein production in protein synthesis

Question 12

What is the function of vesicles?

Answer 12

Vesicles - used to safely transports substances from one part of the cell to another

Question 13

What is the structure of the animal cell?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the structure of the plant cell?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 15

-Cell differentiation is an important proccess by which a cell changes to become specialised
-An organism develops, cells differentiate to form different types of cells
-Almost all cells in a multicellular organism will contain the same genetic information(same genes) but depends on what specific role a cell has its genetic or genes does not control what it does or its .development.

Question 16

What functions do specialised cells have in animal and plants

Answer 16

-Specialised cells are those which have developed certain characteristics in order to perform particular functions. These differences are controlled in the genes on the Nucleus
-Cells specialise by going under differentiation this is the proccess by which cells develop the structure and characteristics needed to able to do to carry out their functions

Question 17

What are 2 examples of specialised cells in animals and their adaptions?

Answer 17

Ciliated cell
Function- movement of mucus in the Trachea and Bronchi
Adaptions- extensions of the cytoplasm at the surface of the cell to form hair- like structures called cilia which beat to move the mucus and trapped particles in the throat
Red blood cells
Function- Transports of oxygen
Adaptions- Biconcave disc shape increases surface area for more efficient diffusion of oxygen
-contains Haemoglobin which joins to oxygen to form Oxyhaemoglobin to transport it around the body
-Contains no nucleus to be able to increase

Question 18

What are 2 examples of specialised cells in animals and their function?

Answer 18

Root hair cell- The function of the root hair cell is to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil root hair cell adaptions include,
-increased surface area to ensure maximum absorption of water and mineral ions,
-walls are thin to ensure water moves through quickly no chloroplast present
Xylem vessel- The function of the xylem is the conduction of water through the plant it also supports the plant
Adaptions include
-No top and bottom walls between xylem vessels, so there is a continuous column of water running through them
-Cells are dead without organelles or cytoplasm to allow free passage of water
-There walls become thickened with a substance called lignin which means they are able to support the plant