2.2 Growth and differentiation

Question 2

What is growth

Answer 2

Permanent increase in size through cell division or cell enlargement

Question 3

Differentiate def

Answer 3

the process where cells become specialized for a particular function

Question 4

Specialised cell

Answer 4

Cells that carry out a particular job

Question 5

Suggest an advantage of using cloning in cauliflower to cultivate new plants

Answer 5

Produce identical parent cells quickly

Question 6

Describe why differentiation is important in living organisms

Answer 6

All cells in an early animal or plant embryo are unspecialised (stem
cells).
Differentiation fulfils organisms’ requirements for different cells to carry
out different roles (e.g., muscle cells, sperm cells, gut lining cells).

Question 7

Explain how differentiation differs in animal and plant cells

Answer 7

In animals, specialise early in life of the organism. when mitosis occurs only same type of cell can form. Cell division occurs to replace worn out cells and damaged tissue. Cell are differentiated.

In plants cell division occurs in meristems. Cells differentiate after mitosis and so different cells can form. Differentiate whole lives.

Question 8

meristems def

Answer 8

regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division.

Question 9

cloning def

Answer 9

producing identical offspring

Question 10

What will plants differentiate into

Answer 10

tissues such as xylem, phloem, photosynthetic cells and root hair cells to form a tiny new plant.

Question 11

Why is it difficult to clone animals

Answer 11

Animal cells differentiate permanently early in embryo development and cannot change back.