Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > 2.2 - Korea > Flashcards

2.2 - Korea Flashcards

1
Q

When was Korea divided at the 38th parallel?

A

after Japanese defeat August 1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When did the 38th parallel division become permanent?

A

1948

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When did Kim II Sung become in charge, and what was he head of?

A

december 1945 - head of the North Korean communist party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happened when Korea became divided?

A

People’s committee (PC) created - local gov. that served as basis for Soviet military government - US viewed them as a threat lead by communists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why did Truman propose the division?

A

soviet troops close to border - worried Stalin could invade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who ruled the south?

A

Syngman Rhee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who ruled the north?

A

Kim II Sung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why did Stalin agree upon the division?

A

Believed an invasion would be unsuccessful - US has strong forces in s.Korea in preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did the division represent?

A

political divide with communism north and conservatives south

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When were 5 PC leaders arrested in Namwon?

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How did the cost of rice change in Korea?

A

1945 = 9.4 yen, 1946 = 2800 yen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When were there uprisings in the Kyongsang and Cholla provinces?

A

1946

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who recruited Japanese officials and why?

A

General Hodge recruited Japanese officials for translation (he didn’t speak Korean) - Koreans disliked communication with Japanese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How did General Hodge act towards the Koreans?

A

ignorant towards Korean policies + culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How did the US treat PC members and what did this cause?

A

US military government often removed PC members from gov. positions + arrested them e.g. 1945 5 PC leaders arrested in Namwon → lead to 15,000 people protesting with 3 killed by police fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why did rice prices increase?

A

Hodge introduced free market in rice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was the result of an increase in rice prices?

A

uprisings in the Kyongsang and Cholla provinces in 1946

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did the Soviets do in north Korea, and what did this cause?

A

Established dominance by controlling economic activity between north + south e.g. monitored mail deliveries and stopped shipments of coal to south → caused lack of electricity in south = protests in Sinuiju

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How did north Koreans respond to Soviet domination?

A

Around 1.6m koreans left north → south in 1945 - soviets did nothing to prevent this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was a benefit of the North Korean Communist party?

A

they improved living conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When was there a mass movement of north Koreans to the south?

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When had many different political parties in Korea formed?

A

by 1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When did Truman suggest for elections to be held?

A

1947

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are 3 reasons why unification failed to be achieved before the Korean War?

A
  • Koreans couldn’t form political parties under Japanese control so had no stable government
  • many different political parties
  • problems between US and USSR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 3 examples of political parties in the south by 1945?

A
  • Korean People’s Republic
  • Korean Provisional Government (lead by Rhee)
  • Korean Democratic Party
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What problem was there between the US and USSR, before the Korean War, that prevented unification?

A

Truman suggested holding elections in 1947, Stalin opposed as there were only 8m n.K vs 20 s.K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are 5 reasons why the war started?

A

1) the division
2) Korean leaders
3) USA
4) state of europe
5) sino-soviet relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are 2 points on how the division caused the war?

A
  • Divide = inevitable power struggle, especially as the divide was only temporary
  • Both sides wanted unification under their terms + backed by major powers e.g. US, UN, USSR, China
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When did the North (under Kim II Sung) invade the South?

A

25th June 1950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are 4 reasons how Kim II Sung caused the war?

A
  • Invades south, triggering war
  • Wanted to unify korea under communist regime
  • Invaded once china finished civil war so China could send troops
  • Forced USSR involvement by playing China off against them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What was the size of the north and south army’s when the north invaded the south?

A

north (thanks to china) = 135,000 vs south = 98,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was Kim II Sung like as a leader of Korea?

A

Popular, handsome, worked with PC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What was Syngman Rhee like as a leader?

A

Unpopular, old, working with Japanese, corrupt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How did Rhee cause the Korean War?

A

Rhee unpopularity encouraged Kim to invade as winning against unpopular leader should be easy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When did the US spend money rebuilding the Japanese economy, and how much?

A

$500m per year from 1946-49

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are 5 reasons why/how the US caused the Korean War?

A
  • Containment
  • n.K shares border with newly communist China (domino theory - feared could reach Japan so rebuilt Japanese economy)
  • Truman + Dean Acheson faced criticism for ‘losing China’
  • Appealed to UN for military action
  • Dean Acheson made speech on Korea being outside of US perimeter - Stalin therefore believed US would not get involved if north invaded south
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What happened when the US appealed to the UN for taking military action?

A

9 supported, none opposed, yugoslavia abstained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When did the USSR develop their atomic bomb?

A

1949

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are 2 reasons why the state of Europe lead to the Korean War?

A
  • High tensions e.g. berlin blockade
  • Expansion in Europe risky
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Why was expansion in Europe risky for the US and USSR?

A

both sides had atomic bombs > conflict in europe could lead to nuclear war > looked to expand elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What was the significance of high tension in Europe?

A

showed Stalin US were heavily focused/involved in Europe (Stalin didn’t want this, wanted US out of Europe and focus elsewhere e.g. Korea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How did sino-soviet relations allow for the Korean War to begin?

A
  • Stalin knew China would assist if they went into Korea (if China failed against US, Stalin wouldn’t mind as he disliked Mao anyway)
  • With China help believed they wouldn’t lose against US so therefore invaded
  • Stalin pressured China to assist n.K - both supported n.K militarily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When did General Douglas MacArthur become Supreme Commander for the allied powers in the Specific?

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

When did General Douglas MacArthur become commander in chief of the UN forces (UNC) in s.K?

A

1950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

When was MacArthur fired by Truman?

A

11th April 1951

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What was MacArthur like towards Truman?

A

Outspoken critic of Truman’s plans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Why was MacArthur fired by Truman?

A

feared he would bomb n.K and China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Who was General Ridgway?

A
  • Experienced WW2 soldier
  • Replaced MacArthur as commander in chief of the UN forces in s.K
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Who replaced MacArthur when he was fired?

A

General Ridgway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

When was the first Battle of Seoul?

A

June 1950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What happened during the first Battle of Seoul?

A

1) NKPA invades s.K (The Republic of Korea Army -ROKA) who struggled to fight back
2) ROKA demolish bridge across Han River - soldiers trapped + hundreds of refugees evacuating killed
3) NKPA crossed river later that day + occupy Seoul

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What happened during the communist advance?

A

1) NKPA forced s.K troops back to south-east corner of Korea
2) In 17 days, s.K pushed back 110km
3) NKPA continued pushing southwards

53
Q

Why is it surprising s.K were able to push back on the communist advance?

A

s.K (UNC + ROKA) = 100,000 men with limited experience vs 150,000 NKPA skilled fighters

54
Q

When did Truman convince congress to increase military spending?

A

1950

55
Q

How much did Truman get US military spending to increase to?

A

$13b to $48.2b by 1951

56
Q

How much did US forces increase by after Truman convinced congress to increase military spending?

A

630,000 to 1.5m by 1955

57
Q

What was the US response to the first Battle of Seoul and the communist advance?

A

truman convinced congress to increase military spending

58
Q

When was the Inchon landing?

A

1950

59
Q

What was the code name for the Inchon landing?

A

operation chromite

60
Q

Who planned the Inchon landing?

A

General MacArthur

61
Q

What was the Inchon landing?

A

Surprise landing on western shore of Korea at port of Inchon

62
Q

What was the purpose of the Inchon landing?

A

Would trap NKPA in south

63
Q

What were the 3 outcomes of the Inchon landing?

A
  • Successful
  • By 1st october UNC + ROKA were back to the 38th parallel
  • US foreign policy changed from containment to rollback (confident they could win)
64
Q

When did the delegate for the USSR return to his seat in the Security council?

A

august 1950

65
Q

Why was the delegate for the USSR returning to his seat in the Security council an issue?

A

UN could no longer work through Security Council as he would veto against any attempts by US

66
Q

What happened as a result of the delegate for the USSR returning to his seat in the Security Council?

A

Question over Korea moved to General Assembly of the UN where USSR had no veto power + US had strong influence

67
Q

When was the UN resolution demanding reunification of Korea?

A

7th October 1950

68
Q

What was the UN’s resolution over Korea after the first Battle of Seoul?

A

demanded reunification of Korea

69
Q

What was Truman’s response to the UN’s resolution over Korea after the first Battle of Seoul?

A

Truman used resolution to justify changed in foreign policy + s.K crossing 38th parallel

70
Q

What happened during the second Battle of Seoul?

A

1) s.K recaptured Seoul
2) US troops continued crossing 38th parallel - headed north towards Yalu River (chinese border)
3) Chinese concerned so Mao sent troops to border + warned US to stay away unless they wanted a full-scale war

71
Q

What did Dean Acheson believe and why?

A

certain China wouldn’t intervene as china would be dependent on USSR for military support

72
Q

What was china’s response?

A
  • s.K cross 38th parallel
  • Mao forms CPV (300,000 men)
  • Pyongyang captured
  • CPV + s.K fought - s.K won - s.K went further into n.K so CPV surround them
73
Q

When did s.K cross the 38th parallel?

A

1st october 1950

74
Q

When did Mao form the CPV?

A

14th october 1950

75
Q

When was Pyongyang captured?

A

20th october 1950

76
Q

When did the CPV and s.K fight?

A

28th October 1950

77
Q

When was the 2nd Battle of Seoul?

A

september 1950

78
Q

When was the 3rd Battle of Seoul?

A

1950

79
Q

What happened in the 3rd Battle of Seoul?

A

1) Mao ordered CPV to cross 38th parallel
2) CPV capture Seoul
3) Allies start to pressure US to end war

80
Q

When were the UN spring and summer offensives?

A

1951

81
Q

When was the Korean War?

A

1950-1953

82
Q

Why did the UN have to carry out offensives in 1951?

A
  • MacArthur ignored reports of CPV intervention so prevented retreat of s.K
  • CPV had blocked most escape routes
83
Q

What did General Ridgway introduce?

A

attrition

84
Q

What is attrition and who introduced it?

A

General Ridgway - gradual wearing-down of enemy by use of heavily artillery, killing as many of the enemy as possible

85
Q

What operations did Ridgway launch?

A

Operation Killer, Operation Ripper and Operation Rugged

86
Q

What were Operation Killer, Operation Ripper and Operation Rugged part of?

A

attrition

87
Q

Who launched Operation Killer, Operation Ripper and Operation Rugged?

A

General Ridgway

88
Q

What was the outcome of the UN spring and summer offensives?

A

Successful - s.K pushed back to 38th parallel

89
Q

What was included in the UN spring and summer offensives?

A

Operation Killer, Operation Ripper and Operation Rugged

90
Q

What was MacArhur’s response to General Ridgway’s attrition?

A
  • Disliked attrition - believed bombing military + industrial targets in China would be more effective
  • Requested permission to nuke China + pollute their rivers (truman refused + fired him)
91
Q

When were the negotiations at Kaesong?

A

1951

92
Q

What happened at Kaesong?

A
  • cease-fire talks
  • USSR, china and UN
  • Communists wanted 38th parallel to be ceasefire line, UN wanted it to be the Kansas line
  • Negotiations broke down
93
Q

When was the Air War?

A

1951-1952

94
Q

When was Operation strangle?

A

may 1951

95
Q

When was Pyongyang bombed?

A

29th august 1952

96
Q

What happened during the air war?

A
  • Fighting with heavy casualties
  • Operation strangle
  • n.K use USSR planes and engage in major air offensive (abandoned when US changed tactics in december)
  • US used many air strikes
  • Pyongyang (n.K capital) bombed
97
Q

What was operation strangle?

A

disruption of communist supplies

98
Q

What was the outcome of Pyongyang being bombed during the air war?

A

Kim announced 6000 civilians dead - international outrage

99
Q

When were agreements for an armistice made?

A

16th June 1953

100
Q

When was the Korean Armistice Agreement signed?

A

27th july 1953

101
Q

What happened at the end of the war in terms of US politics?

A
  • Truman’s popularity decreased - high US losses
  • Eisenhower made it clear he was prepared to escalate war in order to end it more quickly
102
Q

Why were agreements for an armistice able to happen?

A

able to happen due to changes of USSR + US leadership

103
Q

What happened at the signing of the Korean Armistice agreement?

A

fighting ended (Rhee did not sign but was forced to accept)

104
Q

When did the US finally send aid to s.K and what aid?

A

Delays aid of $150m by 2 years until 1950

105
Q

What were 7 issues with US involvement?

A
  • Initially not keen on being involved
  • Focused on Europe
  • Unwilling to provide s.K with arms (s.K only had 14 planes and 5000 troops)
  • Sino-soviet mutual alliance meant soviets required to side with China in war
  • NATO allies didn’t want expansion of war
  • Truman worried would lose focus on Europe
  • US troops ill-prepare for full war
106
Q

What 4 events changes US foreign policy?

A
  • USSR create their first atomic bomb 5 years earlier than the US expected
  • ‘lose china’
  • Truman receives NSC-68 document
  • n.K invades s.K
107
Q

When did Truman receive NSC-68 document?

A

1950

108
Q

When was the Red Scare?

A

1950s

109
Q

When did Dean Acheson claim the USSR was involved in the PRC victory?

A

1950

110
Q

What was the red scare and an example?

A

Fear of communist spies + influence
- Dean Acheson claims USSR involved in PRC victory

111
Q

What was the UN/Truman’s response to the invasion?

A
  • Truman immediately appealed to UN to use force → US gives military support
  • UN security council passes resolution
112
Q

When did Stalin prevent Kim from attacking the south?

A

1949

113
Q

Why did the USSR support the north?

A

north ideologically aligned with Soviets + Kim II known as ‘faithful disciple of Stalin’

114
Q

How did Stalin prevent Kim from attacking the south?

A

by not sending requested aid

115
Q

Why did Stalin not want Kim to invade the south?

A

doesn’t want to provoke US who were increasing their aggression e.g. Berlin Blockade

116
Q

What are 5 reasons why Stalin reconsidered preventing Kim from attacking the south in 1950?

A

1) USSR had atomic bomb
2) PRC = ally
3) didn’t believe US would get involved (Dean Acheson speech)
4) Rhee losing popularity
5) Believed it would be a clear north victory

117
Q

Why did Mao want to get involved in the Korean War?

A
  • believed only military action would be able to unify Korea
  • Kim talked about how Mao would help koreans if Russians didn’t (cleverly playing Soviets against Chinese)
118
Q

What are 2 reasons why china got involved?

A
  • Triggered when south crossed 38th parallel + Inchon landing (US close to chinese border)
  • UN ignore chinese warnings not to cross parallel
119
Q

Why were the chinese and soviets willing to negotiate in the end?

A
  • 85,000 chinese casualties
  • Shortage of ammunition and food (worsened by UN embargo to China)
  • Stalin death + eisenhower election = new opportunity
120
Q

Since when had Korea been under UN security council protection?

A

since 1947

121
Q

What was the UN’s response to the Korean War?

A
  • 1st resolution - calls NKPA to withdraw to 38th parallel
  • 2nd resolution - UN Joint Command Force is created
  • UN appoints Truman + MacArthur as executives so US can’t withdraw from conflict
122
Q

What was the impact of the Korean War on the US?

(4 points)

A
  • 54,000 US soldiers dead
  • End of massive military spending (Truman accepted NSC-68, but Eisenhower tries to lower with policy of massive retaliation)
  • Success for containment
  • Pushed US to take more active role in southeast Asia
123
Q

What was the impact of the Korean War on the USSR?

(5 points)

A
  • Massive political defeat
  • Spread of communism failed
  • Let down n.K
  • Accelerated development of relations between DPRK and PRC
  • Showed attempts of expansion would be met with force
124
Q

When did China spend 48% of their national budget on the military?

A

1953

125
Q

What was the impact of the Korean War on China?

(4 points)

A
  • Spun it as a victory, however, in reality, Chinese forces could have been in trouble if war went on longer
  • Airstrikes devastated Chinese capabilities in the north
  • 48% national budget spent on military in 1953
  • Proved itself as capable regional power
126
Q

What was the impact of the Korean War on Korea?

A
  • 2-3m civilians dead
  • Destruction of Korean cities (Seoul and Pyongyang)
  • Massive political failure for the north
  • Rhee unhappy with outcome - wanted unification under his rule
127
Q

When was SEATO?

A

1954

128
Q

What was SEATO?

A

coalition to prevent communist gains in southeast Asia - agreed upon by multiple Asian states, US, UK, France, NZ and Australia - failed due to vague conditions + ties between member states not very strong

129
Q

What was the impact of the Korean War on the Cold War?

A
  • Globalised the Cold War
  • Early contribution to Sino-Soviet split
  • Increased US involvement in Asia
  • Created fear of communist expansion in Asia
  • Establishment of SEATO
  • Ended massive US military spending so focus went towards nuclear power

History (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions