22.8 - Using immobilised enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
what are the advantages of using isolated enzymes instead of whole organisms?
A
- less wasteful
- more efficient
- more specific
- maximise efficiency
- less downstream processing
2
Q
what are immobilised enzymes?
A
- an enzyme that is attached to an insoluble material to prevent mixing with the product
3
Q
how are enzymes immobilised?
A
- bonding
- holding them in place and do not freeely mix with the substarte
4
Q
why are enzymes often immobilised?
A
- use in industrial processes as it means the enzyme can be reused in future processes rather than being discarded after it has been used once
-reusing the enzyme also avoids the need to separate the enzyme from the product in downstream processing
5
Q
what are the 3 methods of immobilising enzymes?
A
- covalent bonding
- adsorption
- entrapment
6
Q
what is entrapment in terms of immobilising enzymes?
A
- they are contained in a network or matrix of fibres
(e.g. alginate beads)
7
Q
what is adsorption in terms of immobilising enzymes?
A
- the active site an enzyme that is attached to an insoluble material to prevent mixing with the product
8
Q
examples of immobilised enzymes:
A
- glucose isomerase
- penicillin acyclase
- lactase
- amino acyclase
- glucoamylase
- nitrilase
9
Q
how is lactase used in biotechnology?
A
- it is used for the hydrolysis of lactose to glucose, and glucose to galactose
10
Q
what is the process of using these immobilised enzymes? (3 steps)
A
- the immobilised enzymes are contained within a column through which the substrate is filtered in solution
- as the substrate runs through the column, enzyme-substrate complexes are formed and products are produced
- these products then flow out of the column, leaving the enzymes behind to catalyse the reaction again
11
Q
what are the advantages of using immobilised enzymes?
A
- can be resused
- cheaper
- greater temperature tolerance -> enzymes are leass easily denatured by heat and work at optimum levels over a wider range of temperatures
- ease of manipulation
12
Q
what are the disadvantages of using immobilised enzymes?
A
- reduced efficiency -> the process of immobilising an enzyme may reduce the activity rate
- higher initial costs of materials
- higher initial costs of bioreactor -> initial investment costs
- more technical issues
