2.3 - DNA and Inheritance Flashcards
What is the structure of DNA?
A chemical double helix shape made from a sugar-phosphate backbone and base pairs
Where is DNA found?
In the nucleus of chromosomes
What is complimentary base pairing?
Particular way the bases are paired up
What are the bases and who do they pair with?
Thymine, Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine
(Tigers, Are + Great, Cats)
What does the order of bases code for?
The order of bases (3 bases) forms a triplet code (proteins)
What does a triplet of bases code for?
A particular amino acid
What do chains of amino acid form?
Proteins
What is an allele?
A different version of the same gene
(e.g gene - eye colour, allele - brown or blue)
What does heterozygous mean?
A certain gene that carries two different alleles
What does homozygous mean?
A certain gene that carries two copies of the same alleles
What is a dominant allele?
The characteristic controlled will develop if the allele is present on one or both chromosomes in the pair
What is a recessive allele?
The characteristic controlled will develop if the allele is present on both chromosomes in the pair
What is a genotype?
This describes the alleles present in an individual for a particular characteristic
What is a phenotype?
The physical characteristic resulted from the inherited information
What is sex determined by?
By chromosome pair 23: XX and XY
(Sperm carry either X or Y but all eggs carry an X chromosome)
