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History > 2.3 - Vietnam > Flashcards

2.3 - Vietnam Flashcards

1
Q

When did LBJ send masses of troops to Vietnam?

A

1964

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2
Q

When does JFK send 12,000 advisors to Vietnam?

A

1962

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3
Q

When were 65,000 south Vietnamese communists imprisoned?

A

1956-1958

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4
Q

When were 2000 south Vietnamese communists killed?

A

1959

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5
Q

What was the US foreign policy under Truman?

A

containment

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6
Q

How did Truman initially feel about the Vietminh?

A

initially Truman didn’t view Vietminh as communist but as an anti-imperialist movement - French reminded Truman Vietminh were communist as they were formed from the Indochinese Communist Party

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7
Q

Why did Truman have to get the US involved?

A

Truman Doctrine meant US had to get involved - if Truman didn’t it would ruin his consistency + reputation

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8
Q

How did the US foreign policy change under Eisenhower?

A

Eisenhower wanted a ‘new look’ policy as well as following containment - focusing away from Europe + increase number of allies around the world

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9
Q

What domestic pressure was on Truman?

A
  • State department under Truman made of europeanists (maintain order in europe, so appease france and become involved) + asianists (wanted good relations with Vietminh + focus on regional considerations)
  • Truman took europeanist approach
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10
Q

What domestic pressure was JFK under?

A
  • McNamara wanted to send 20,000 ground troops - JFK unsure as doesn’t want Diem dependent on US - eventually sends 12,000 advisors in 1962
  • JFK failed BofP invasion - had communist neighbour, so had to win Vietnam
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11
Q

How did Diem get in power and what were the consequences?

A
  • Eisenhower put in ruthless leader Diem after blocking elections
  • US had to aid South Vietnam more as Diem made south more unhappy e.g. 1956-58 65,000 s.communists imprisoned + 2000 killed in 1959
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12
Q

What are 3 examples of incompetence in South Vietnam and why did this result in US involvement?

A
  • Diem massively unpopular - catholic in Buddhist country - repressed many citizens e.g. campaign against Buddhists + 9 killed in Hue Phat Dan shootings
  • 750,000 Army of the Republic of Vietnam couldn’t defeat 40,000 Viet Cong
  • CIA allowed Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) to overthrow Diem - caused series of several coups
  • US had to become involved to attempt to keep peace
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13
Q

When was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident?

A

1964

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14
Q

When did US naval destroyers move into n.V waters?

A

2nd August 1964

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15
Q

When did the US Maddox attempt to move int n.V waters for a second time?

A

4th August 1964

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16
Q

When was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution approved?

A

7th August 1964

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17
Q

When did LBJ authorise attacks on n.V gunboats?

A

8th August 1964

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18
Q

When were the US elections for LBJs 2nd term?

A

1964

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19
Q

What are 3 reasons why Johnson sent troops in 1964 (besides Gulf of Tonkin Incident)?

A
  • Wanted to continue involvement and not lose the war
  • JFK lost Cuba so losing Vietnam would seem like US was losing against the USSR + communism was spreading
  • Inherited JFK’s advisors e.g. Secretary of Defence Robert McNamara
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20
Q

What happened in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident of 1964?

A

1) 2nd August US naval destroyers move into n.Vietnam waters
2) The USS Maddox was being followed by n.V torpedo boats - caused conflict - Maddox sunk n.V boats
3) USS Maddox retreats back into international waters
4) 4th August USS Maddox attempted to move into n.V waters again
5) Captain of the Maddox reported being under attack again (later reported there was no attack but actually severe weather conditions)

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21
Q

What were the 2 results of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident?

A
  • McNamara + LBJ passed the Gulf of Tonkin resolution
  • USSR + China strengthening their support for n.V in the form of equipment + construction
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22
Q

What happened during the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

A

1) 7th August approved unanimously by US congress
2) Allowed LBJ to take any necessary action, including the use of armed forces, in defending the freedom of any member of the south-east Asia Defence Treaty
3) 8th August LBJ authorised attacks on n.V gunboats

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23
Q

What was the result of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution for LBJ?

A
  • The way LBJ handled this incident increased his personal ratings from 42% to 72%
  • He pleased both left (didn’t declare war) + right wingers (made clear stance against communism) in order to ensure he would win the elections of 1964
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24
Q

When was Eisenhower President?

A

1953-1961

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25
Q

When were Vietnamese peasants relocated?

A

1960

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26
Q

What did Diem do to peasants?

A

relocated peasants to army-protected villages called ‘agrovilles’ - extremely unpopular

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27
Q

What did HCM supporters do under Eisenhower?

A

called themselves the National Liberation Front + made the People’s Liberation Armed Forces → about being anti-imperialist not communist (many members were not communist)

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28
Q

What are 2 examples of Diem’s unpopularity growing under Eisenhower?

A
  • 1960 → 18 famous vietnamese nationalists petition to Diem for moderate reform
  • Durbrow (US ambassador) advises Diem to focus on political + social reform not military - Diem ignores
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29
Q

When did the famous Vietnamese nationalists petition for moderate reform under Diem?

A

1960

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30
Q

When did the US send $2-3b in aid to Diem?

A

1955-1961

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31
Q

When did Eisenhower give Diem $1b and 1.5k advisors?

A

1961

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32
Q

How much money did US send to Diem from 1955-61?

A

$2-3b

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33
Q

What aid did the US give Diem in 1961?

A

$1b and 1.5k advisors

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34
Q

Why did Diem supporters like US aid?

A

believed if the US poured in aid the communists would go away

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35
Q

What was the significance of aid to Diem?

A

At this point US more committed to Diem than USSR + China were to HCM

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36
Q

What were the 2 results from Eisenhower involvement in Vietnam?

A
  • considered relatively successful in dealing with Vietnam whilst not being overly committing, however easy to continue from Truman’s low commitment + small commitment now arguably made future presidents feel obligated to continue with involvement
  • prevented over-commitment → refused to send troops + shut down talks of using an atomic bomb
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37
Q

When was Kennedy President?

A

1961-1963

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38
Q

When did Kennedy advocate for greater Cold War activism ?

A

1960 during the election campaign

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39
Q

When did JFK send 800 advisors?

A

1961

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40
Q

When did JFK send 3000 advisors?

A

1961

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41
Q

When did JFK send 12,000 advisors?

A

1962

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42
Q

When was the Battle of Ap Bac?

A

1963

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43
Q

When did Diem do a campaign against Buddhists?

A

1963

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44
Q

When was the ARVN coup?

A

1963

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45
Q

When was the US government deficit $1.6b?

A

1965

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46
Q

When was the US government deficit $25.3b?

A

1968

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47
Q

What was the policy towards Vietnam under Eisenhower?

A

limited commitment

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48
Q

What was the policy towards Vietnam under Kennedy?

A

escalation

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49
Q

What did Kennedy do for his election campaign in 1960?

A

advocated for greater Cold War activism

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50
Q

What was Kennedy sensitive about?

A

Sensitive to references about his youth + inexperience so keen to be assertive in foreign affairs - worsened by how narrowly he won

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51
Q

How did Kennedy view Truman and why?

A

Saw third world as new battleground + criticised Truman for losing China

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52
Q

What was Kennedy’s view of the state department?

A

Impatient with the state department (Dean Rusk -secretary of state dep.- was indecisive) so went to + was influenced more by defence department (McNamara who focused on stats not human aspect of things)

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53
Q

How did Kennedy feel about the BofP invasion?

A

humiliated at BofP invasion so desperately needed a foreign policy success

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54
Q

What action did Kennedy take in 1961?

A
  • sends 800 military advisors
  • increases financial aid
  • sends General Maxwell Taylor who is an advocate of flexible response measures
  • Increased military involvement (mostly secretive unlike under LBJ) > sends 3000 advisors
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55
Q

What actions did JFK take in 1962?

A
  • sends 12,000 advisors
  • increases quantity of US weaponry in s.Vietnam
  • US provide south with helicopters
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56
Q

What happened in the Battle of Ap Bac?

A
  • 350 VC guerillas in Ap Bac (not far from Saigon)
  • 2000 ARVN with 113 US armoured vehicles, helicopters + advisors surrounded them
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57
Q

What were the consequences of the Battle of Ap bac?

A
  • Failure as VC strength unexpected, ARVN unwilling to attack
  • Became clear to US Diem was militarily incapable
    JFK worried about too much US involvement
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58
Q

What happened during the ARVN coup of 1963?

A

white house declares won’t encourage or interfere in a coup - november 1963 generals initiate coup, Diem flees + found dead the next day

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59
Q

What was the US gov. deficit in 1965 and 1968?

A

$1.6b
$25.3b

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60
Q

What was US policy towards Vietnam under LBJ?

A

massive escalation

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61
Q

When was the Battle of Khe Sanh?

A

1968

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62
Q

When was LBJ president?

A

1963-1968

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63
Q

What happened in the Battle of Khe Sanh?

A
  • Bloodiest battle, 10,000 communists + 500 US died
  • LBJ desperate to win + encouraged more troops to be sent in
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64
Q

What were 4 reasons for LBJ’s massive escalation?

A
  • patriotism
  • committed to seeing through JFK’s policies
  • incompetence of Saigon government
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65
Q

How was patriotism a reason for massive escalation under LBJ?

A

proud of US military, wanted to increase arms, felt embarrassed about Vietnam situation

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66
Q

Why was being committed to seeing through JFK’s policies a reason for massive escalation under LBJ?

A

didn’t want to abandon JFK’s advisors or commitment - it was believed JFK was killed by communists

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67
Q

Why was incompetence of the Saigon gov. a reason for massive escalation under LBJ

A

generals fought between themselves, General Taylor struggled to negotiate as he wasn’t a trained diplomat he was an impatient military soldier

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68
Q

When was operation rolling thunder?

A

1965

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69
Q

What was operation rolling thunder?

A

large-scale continuous bombing in response to successful VC attacks on US troops

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70
Q

How many US troops were in Vietnam in 1968?

A

500,000

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71
Q

When were there 500,000 US troops in Vietnam?

A

1968

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72
Q

Why were peace talks under LBJ delayed and what was the consequence?

A

due to Nixon + Kissinger election strategy (Kissinger conducts secret peace talks with North, promising better peace deal with Nixon than LBJ - convinces north to boycott LBJ’s peace talks - political failure for LBJ)

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73
Q

When did LBJ send 2500 US forces to Vietnam?

A

1964

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74
Q

How many troops did LBJ send after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident?

A

2500

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75
Q

What did LBJ claim in order to complete the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

A

Claims North made unprovoked attacks on the Maddox during Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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76
Q

When was Nixon president?

A

1968-1974

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77
Q

What was US policy towards Vietnam under Nixon (describe Nixon)?

A

Extreme anti-communist but got US out of Vietnam

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78
Q

What were 4 reasons for Nixon wanting to get the US out of Vietnam?

A
  • tet-offensive failure
  • sino-soviet split
  • peacemaking popularity
  • kissinger policy
79
Q

When was the tet-offensive?

A

1968

80
Q

How did Nixon feel about the tet-offensive?

A

failure shocked him - US embassy shouldn’t have been attacked by VC so easily

81
Q

What did Nixon do to pull out of Vietnam and why?

A

Vietnamisation - realised war was failing

82
Q

Why did the sino-soviet split lead Nixon to wanting to leave the Vietnam war?

A

gave him opportunity to improve relations with China and worry the USSR (could play USSR against China and get Hanoi into settling on an offer that was advantageous to the US + got them out of the war)

83
Q

When did Nixon win the re-election?

A

1972

84
Q

How did Nixon win the re-election in 1972?

A

recognised peace-making became more popular so aimed to leave Vietnam

85
Q

Why did Kissinger’s policy lead to Nixon wanting to pull out of Vietnam?

A

Kissinger was smart + had a focus on realpolitik

86
Q

When did the communists launch an offensive?

A

february 1969

87
Q

How did Nixon respond to the communist offensive in 1969?

A

responds by setting an offensive against the HCM trail in Cambodia + attempts to destroy Vietnamese communist headquarters (COSVN) → failed

88
Q

What policy did Kissinger suggest that would make the North believe Nixon was mad?

A

Madman ploy

89
Q

What was the Madman ploy?

A

Kissinger made north believe Nixon was a madman and could bomb them at any moment

90
Q

When did the US withdraw 150,000 US troops?

A

1970

91
Q

What pressured Nixon to withdraw from Cambodia?

A

anti-war protests

92
Q

How many troops did the US withdraw in 1970?

A

150,000

93
Q

What did anti-war protests do to Nixon?

A

pressured him to withdraw from Cambodia

94
Q

What happened to troops under Nixon?

A
  • Morale plummeted
  • US troops being asked to fight in war no one wanted
  • high rates of drug abuse among military
95
Q

When was operation phoenix?

A

1968-1972

96
Q

What was operation phoenix?

A

US went round torturing (e.g. poking brain through ear canal) vietnamese for info on who were the head VC - around 40,000 captured and killed

97
Q

What were the consequences of operation phoenix?

A

successful operation but public opinion were strongly against it when they found out as it was illegal and not very democratic

98
Q

Who did operation Menu?

A

Nixon

99
Q

What was operation Menu?

A

secret wide scale bombing in Cambodia and Laos to pressure n.V into negotiating on US terms

100
Q

When did Nixon offer a withdrawal date?

A

may 1971

101
Q

What did Nixon offer/demand in may 1971?

A

offered withdrawal date without demanding mutual withdrawal, but demanded Hanoi stop sending troops + aid to s.V + for Thieu to remain in power, Hanoi refuse

102
Q

When did Nixon begin running out of time and money?

A

1972

103
Q

When was a ceasefire declared?

A

january 1973

104
Q

When did the US withdraw from Vietnam?

A

January 1973

105
Q

What are 8 reasons why the US lost the Vietnam war?

A

1) treatment of the Vietnamese
2) brutal US war tactics
3) communist tactics
4) corruption in Saigon
5) US morale
6) ARVN weakness
7) tet offensive
8) public opinion

106
Q

How did the US treat the Vietnamese?

A
  • Vietnamese mostly peasants with little electricity and running water
  • US soldiers looked down on them - alienated the Vietnamese
  • US saw them as less than human so treated them poorly
107
Q

What are 3 pieces of evidence showing communists treated the Vietnamese well?

A
  • Villages adapted easily to principles of communism
  • Communists worked hard to win over the peasants
  • Villagers gave communists food and shelter
108
Q

Why was US bombing so bad for the Vietnamese?

A

forced villagers to move away from their homes which meant a lot to them

109
Q

What were the consequences of the US looking for the VC?

A

ended up killing tens of thousands of civilians in the process

110
Q

What damage was done by US bombing?

A

Bombing obliterated villages + 5 towns with populations of 10,000+

111
Q

When was agent orange and what was its consequence?

A

1962 - killed rice crops

112
Q

What grenades were used by the US and why were they so brutal?

A

White phosphorus grenades used which caused skin to melt away from the bone

113
Q

What made US troops so incompetent?

A

US soldiers couldn’t figure out who was the enemy and who wasn’t

114
Q

How did US soldiers control peasants?

A

Blew up villages using dynamite + rounded villagers into barbed wire compounds to keep an eye on them

115
Q

What was the My Lai massacre?

A

347 unarmed civilians beaten + killed by US soldiers including old men, and babies

116
Q

When was the My Lai massacre?

A

16th March 1968

117
Q

What were the results of the search and destroy missions?

A

hard to find guerillas, 6 s.V civilians died for every 1 VC

118
Q

Why was using helicopters a failure for the US?

A

too loud - VC heard + could move elsewhere

119
Q

What were 6 brutal tactics used by the US?

A
  • bombing
  • agent orange
  • white phosphorus grenades
  • rounding up villagers in barbed wire compounds
  • My Lai massacre
  • search and destroy missions
120
Q

What were 5 good communist tactics?

A

1) VC never gave up
2) network of tunnels
3) Hanoi prepared for air raids
4) shock brigades
5) ho chi minh trail

121
Q

Why was it impressive the VC never gave up?

A

many had malaria, suffered from skin diseases due to wet jungle conditions

122
Q

What was the use of the communists’ network of tunnels?

A

could hide, shelter and regroup

123
Q

How were Hanoi prepared for air raids?

A

concrete bolt-holes everywhere that could hold most of Hanoi’s population

124
Q

What were the shock brigades?

A

2m mostly women - repaired damage done by air raids

125
Q

What was the Ho Chi Minh trail?

A

supply route connecting north to south via cambodia and laos - men + materials went south, wounded went north - dotted with hospitals, rest camps etc, many branches so if one was damaged there were still other possible routes, well camouflaged

126
Q

At what point had 1/3 of the s.V population relocated?

A

1968

127
Q

What are 4 examples of corruption in Saigon?

A
  • ⅓ of s.V population relocated to towns & cities from countryside
  • Many peasants lived off Americans
  • Saigon before was beautiful place - now drugs sold in bars, streets filled with black market goods, 56,000 registered prostitutes
  • US aid rarely reached peasants - went into pockets of military + urban elites
128
Q

How many US men were in the military in the 1960s?

A

11m (8.8m volunteered, 2.2m drafted)

129
Q

When were there 11m US men in the military?

A

1960s

130
Q

Why was US morale low?

A
  • US distrusted ARVN
  • US soldiers didn’t like war tactics
  • Officers often served only 5 months (less than the soldiers they were commanding)
131
Q

What racism problems were there in the US military?

A

13% US = black, but disproportionate 28% were in combat units

132
Q

Why were US officers killed from 1969-1971 and how many?

A

83 - just for trying to get their men to fight

133
Q

When were 83 US officers killed?

A

1969-1971

134
Q

What were 19 yr old US soldiers who carried equipment called?

A

grunts

135
Q

What were the problems with grunts?

A
  • terrified to fight
  • some shot themselves in the foot to get out of fighting
  • carried 50-70lbs of equipment
  • suffered from heat + jungle conditions, rain, insects
136
Q

When were there 30,000 child prostitutes in Vietnam?

A

1966

137
Q

What was the issue with prostitutes in 1966?

A

30,000 war-orphaned child prostitutes - couldn’t meet US demand - ¼ of US soldiers caught STDs

138
Q

When were many US soldiers on drugs?

A

1970

139
Q

What drugs were US soldiers on in 1970 and how many were involved?

A
  • 58% smoked pot
  • 22% shot up heroin
140
Q

When were hospital patients mostly in due to drug abuse?

A

1971

141
Q

What was the issue in hospitals in 1971?

A

5000 US soldiers needed treatment for combat wounds, 20,000 for serious drug abuse

142
Q

When did the ARVN invade Laos?

A

1971

143
Q

What is an example of the ARVN being weak?

A

30,000 ARVN invaded Laos with instruction to retreat if 3000+ died - retreated halfway to their objective

144
Q

What were 5 weaknesses of the ARVN?

A
  • US + ARVN did not get along
  • ARVN became demotivated due to constant losses
  • Military leaders argued a lot
  • Very low wages
  • 80% of s.V = buddhist yet only 5% of ARVN = buddhist
145
Q

What happened during the tet-offensive?

A

1) US + s.V focused on Tet festival so communists take opportunity to move in + attack
2) Took 11,000 ARVN troops 3 weeks to clear Saigon of communists

146
Q

What were 2 consequences of the tet-offensive?

A
  • 10,000/17,000 houses in hue destroyed with 3000 seriously damaged
  • Both sides lost - hanoi took several years to recover - s.V didn’t support Saigon regime so US had to support it, showed its weakness as a government
147
Q

How many people died due to the tet-offensive?

A

4000 US, 5000 ARVN, 14,000 s.V and 60,000 VC died

148
Q

What were 3 results of the tet-offensive for the US?

A
  • US intelligence failed to notice clear warning signs > makes them look incompetent
  • Anti-war media increased in US - US admin claimed victory but TV images suggested otherwise
  • After offensive, LBJ rejected demands of sending in 200,000 US troops
149
Q

When did the anti-war feeling grow in the US?

A

1960s

150
Q

What are 4 examples of poor public opinion towards US involvement in Vietnam?

A
  • 1960s anti-war feeling grew
  • Conservative right-wing criticised LBJ for insufficient escalation - put pressure on LBJ
  • When drafting began, many tried their best to get out of it e.g. faked mental instability
  • protests e.g. Martin Luther King, Washington
151
Q

When did protestors march at Washington?

A

1965

152
Q

What happened in 1965 in the US in terms of protests?

A

25,000 protestors marched at Washington- horrors of Vietnam war filled TV coverage

153
Q

When were there tens of thousands of protests in the US?

A

1967

154
Q

What happened in 1967 in terms of protests?

A

tens of thousands of protests across the US

155
Q

What did Martin Luther King do in terms of the Vietnam war and why?

A

led opposition - black people resented disproportionate number of black casualties

156
Q

When did Mao deploy hundreds of thousands of troops in s.China?

A

1964

157
Q

When did Mao begin constructing airfields in the Mengzi region?

A

1964

158
Q

What did Mao do in 1964 in support of n.V?

A

deployed 300,000-500,000 troops in s.China + began constructing 2 large airfields in the Mengzi region

159
Q

When was the bilateral agreement between China and the DRV signed?

A

december 1964

160
Q

What was signed in 1964, between who, and what was agreed?

A

biltateral agreement, between China and the DRC, agreed on military supplies from China + PRC support troops to n.Vietnam

161
Q

What period did China send aid to vietnam?

A

1964-1969

162
Q

What aid did China send n.V from 1964-69?

A

over 900,000 guns, 60 tanks, over 8m bullets

163
Q

When did the USSR supply hanoi with surface to air missiles and jet planes?

A

1964

164
Q

What aid did USSR give n.V in 1964?

A

surface to air missiles
jet planes

165
Q

When was the USSR defence treaty for n.V signed?

A

1965

166
Q

What was signed for n.V in 1965, by who and what was agreed?

A

USSR signed defence treaty providing n.V with financial aid, military equipment and advisors

167
Q

How did aid to n.V change from Krushchev to Brezhnev?

A

Brezhnev came into power making Moscow n.V’s main supplier (khrushchev held back a bit)

168
Q

What aid did the USSR send to n.V in 1968?

A

USSR + n.V agreed USSR would supply food, petroleum, iron, steel, arms etc

169
Q

When was vietnamisation introduced?

A

1969

170
Q

By when had the s.V army increased in size by over 1m?

A

1970

171
Q

When were search and destroy missions abandoned and by who?

A

1970 - General Abrams

172
Q

How was Vietnamisation successful in terms of US withdrawal?

A

1968 15,000 US soldiers killed, 1969 only 9,000 recorded deaths → 1969 360,000 US soldiers involved, 1972 only 32,000

173
Q

What happened during vietnamisation?

A
  • Introduced military schools with capacity of 100,000
  • Increased pay for new soldiers to encourage enrollment + morale
  • US replaced old M-1 rifles with 1m new M-16s
  • ARVN given 12,000 M-60 guns, 40,000 M-79 grenade launchers
  • s.V army increased in size by over 1m
  • General Abrams (who led US troops in s.V) abandoned search and destroy missions
174
Q

When were pentagon papers leaked?

A

1971

175
Q

When was the east offensive?

A

30th march 1972

176
Q

What was the consequence of the leaked pentagon papers?

A

US public found out about Operation Menu → not happy about it

177
Q

What happened during the east offensive?

A

massive invasion of s.V - General Giap hoped withdrawal of US troops = weak ARVN so he could take over the south, Nixon resorted to massive bombing campaign - many casualties lead to Soviets stopping support to n.V so Nixon could obtain his peace with honour

178
Q

When was the Moscow summit?

A

1972

179
Q

When was a ceasefire agreed?

A

24th January 1973

180
Q

What was agreed upon at the Moscow summit?

A

Agreed on ceasefire, withdrawal of soviet troops, return of prisoners of war

181
Q

What was the issue with the Moscow summit?

A

Saigon gov. refused to sign as US withdrawal would leave them vulnerable

182
Q

When were the christmas bombings?

A

december 1972

183
Q

What happened during the Xmas bombings?

A

Operation Line-backer 2 → in order to reassure Thieu of continued US commitment, major cities e.g. Haiphong, were targeted, 1000 people killed

184
Q

What was a success for the US of the christmas bombings?

A

north couldn’t ask for help from USSR + were forced into negotiations to end bombing

185
Q

What was a failure of the Xmas bombings for Nixon?

A

popularity decreased by 32%

186
Q

What did Nixon do when the US withdrew?

A

Nixon gave $1b worth of military equipment to Thieu, leaving him with the 4th largest air force in the world

187
Q

How was US withdrawal able to go ahead and when did this happen?

A

1973 congress approved US withdrawing fully + to stop any operations on Indochina

188
Q

When did the north do an offensive against the south?

A

1974

189
Q

When was Vietnam reunited?

A

1975

190
Q

What happened during the north offensive against the south in 1974?

A

captured major cities e.g. Hue and Danang, US refused to aid south, Thieu resigned + fled vietnam - General Minh resigned + surrendered to the north

191
Q

How long did it take the north to defeat the south in their offensive?

A

55 days to defeat the south (planned to take 2 years)

192
Q

What were the casualties of the Vietnam war?

A
  • 3 million US troops involved - 56,000 dead - 500,000 suffered from PTSD
  • 5000 allied troops dead
  • 400,000 civilians dead
  • 600,000 n.V dead
193
Q

What economic/social problems were Vietnam left with?

A
  • Remained 1 of the poorest countries for the next 20 years
  • Over 1 million Vietnamese fled Vietnam from 1975-1990
  • Giap (military general of People’s Army of Vietnam) admitted communism was better at fighting a war than running a country
194
Q

What were the foreign policy consequences of the Vietnam war?

A
  • Economic impact on US pushed them towards detente
  • Triangular diplomacy
  • Continued period of detente - able to as US wanted to improve relations with USSR, so they could sign an agreement, in order to get out of Vietnam (which they did successfully in 1973)

History (14 decks)

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