2.3.1 Carbohydrates, Proteins & Fats

Question 1

Most of the molecules in living organisms fall into three categories, what are they?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats

Question 2

What do Carbs, Protein and Fat all contain

Answer 2

they all contain carbon and so are described as organic molecules

Question 3

What are the Chemical Elements of Carbs

Answer 3

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 4

What are the Chemical Elements of Protein

Answer 4

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. Some contain small elements of Sulphur

Question 5

What are the Chemical Elements of Lipids

Answer 5

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 6

What is a monosaccharide

Answer 6

A monosaccharide is a simple sugar e.g. glucose (C6H12O6) or fructose

Question 7

Glucose molecules contain lots of energy, how can they be released

Answer 7

Glucose molecules contain lots of energy which can be released in respiration by breaking the bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 8

How is a adisaccharide made

Answer 8

A disaccharide is made when two monosaccharides join together

Question 9

How is Maltose formed

Answer 9

from two glucose molecules

Question 10

How is Sucrose formed

Answer 10

from one glucose and one fructose molecule

Question 11

How is a polysaccharide formed

Answer 11

when lots of monosaccharides join together

Question 12

Starch, glycogen or cellulose are all formed when what joins together?

Answer 12

when lots of glucose molecules join together

Question 13

Polysaccharides are insoluble and therefore useful as, what?

Answer 13

storage molecules

Question 14

Most fats (lipids) in the body are made up of, what?

Answer 14

triglycerides

Question 15

What is the triglycerides basic unit

Answer 15

Their basic unit is one glycerol molecule chemically bonded to three fatty acid chains

Question 16

Lipids are divided into, what?

Answer 16

fats (solids at room temperature) and oils (liquids at room temperature)

Question 17

Proteins are formed from long chains of, what?

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

How many types of amino acids are they

Answer 18

20

Question 19

When amino acids are joined together, what is formed?

Answer 19

Protein

Question 20

Different proteins have different amino acid sequences resulting in them being, what?

Answer 20

different shapes

Question 21

Even a small difference in the amino acid sequence will result in a completely different, what?

Answer 21

protein being formed

Question 22

The different sequences of amino acids cause what?

Answer 22

cause the polypeptide chains to fold in different ways and this gives rise to the different shapes of proteins

Question 23

The shape of a protein determines its, what?

Answer 23

function