250 Qs

Question 1

According to STP - What are the 3 golden rules to follow when applying foam?

Answer 1

1) do NOT start to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill
2) point branch away from the fire until good finished foam is being produced
3) you cannot mix different foam concentrates

(STP-1A)

Question 2

According to STP - List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire

Answer 2

1) JET REACTION - CAFS hoselines have a buildup of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a larger jet reaction than a standard hose
2) SLUG-FLOW - when the proportion of foam air and water is wrong it will cause the finished foam to “shutter” or “pulsate” as it is exiting the branch
3) THERMAL PROTECTION - does not contain enough water for internal attack

(STP-1A)

Question 3

According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved

Answer 3

1) structural ppc and scba
2) evacuate all persons from the immediate area
3) remove all sources of ignition
4) respond the gas company
5) use only intrinsically safe equipment
6) lightly dampen the ground around the site of the gas release to prevent static electricity
7) keep protection line in place using fog (shut off - ops bulletin 3/2012)
8) if possible crimp line to stop release of gas

(STP-1A)

Question 4

According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?

Answer 4

Up to 24 hours

(STP-1A)

Question 5

According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions on, what are the most important indicators?

Answer 5

B-SAHF
Building
Smoke
Air track
Heat
Flame

(STP-13A)

Question 6

According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?

Answer 6

1) stay low
2) gas cool
3) control the flow path
4) put water on the fire

(STP-13A)

Question 7

According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?

Answer 7

‘S’ Lay
Cleveland load

(STP-9C)

Question 8

Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incident………?

Answer 8

(1) When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
(2) When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act—
(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.

(Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989)

Question 9

Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident………?

Answer 9

(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place—
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
(2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

(Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989)

Question 10

Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.

Answer 10

(1) At a fire, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.
(2) If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.

(Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989)

Question 11

Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous material incidents. State the provisions of this Section: “General power to remove persons or obstacles.”

Answer 11

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.

(Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989)

Question 12

At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) Clause 22, Disclosure of information.

Answer 12

“I am unable to disclose any details to you at this time, you can however; request further information from the media or via the FRNSW website by filling in the ‘request for incident information’ or ‘access application’ forms.”

A firefighter must not disclose information obtained in the firefighter’s capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made—
(a) in the exercise of the firefighter’s functions, or
(b) about factual matters that are generally available to the public, or
(c) by an approved firefighter to media representatives about operations at a fire or other incident, or
(d) at the direction or with the permission of the Commissioner, or
(e) with another lawful excuse.

(Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) )

Question 13

Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.

Answer 13

(1) A firefighter must not do any of the following—
(a) come on or attend duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug,
(b) while on duty—
(i) consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug, or
(ii) gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW,
(c) while on or off duty—
(i) smoke at a fire or drill, on departmental premises or in a departmental vehicle, or
(ii) smoke or consume alcohol in a public place while in uniform, or
(iii) by words or action—
(A) behave in a way that is subversive of discipline or calculated to bring discredit on Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(B) bully, harass, sexually harass, intimidate or threaten a person, or
(C) discriminate against a person on the grounds of sex, marital status, pregnancy, age, race, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, carer’s responsibilities or any other ground for which discrimination is prohibited by the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977,
(d) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority.
(2) The officer in charge of departmental premises must not allow a firefighter to come on duty if, in the officer’s opinion, the firefighter is—
(a) under the influence of alcohol or a drug, and
(b) unable to exercise the functions of a firefighter.
(3) In this section—
drug has the same meaning as in the Road Transport Act 2013, but does not include alcohol.

(Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) )

Question 14

As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?

Answer 14

1. With a view to avoiding serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal light must slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 kph. Having assessed the traffic conditions, and determined that it is safe to proceed, the driver may then continue across the intersection.
2. Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed.

(Standing Orders)

Question 15

According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?

Answer 15

All Fire and Rescue NSW employees are required to wear a seat belt, properly adjusted, when travelling in Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles. Any member travelling on a vehicle (including a water tanker) is to be seated inside the vehicle and must wear a seat belt.

(Standing Orders)

Question 16

According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident.

Answer 16

When an accident occurs involving a Fire and Rescue NSW vehicle or appliance,

• advise the other driver to contact Fire and Rescue NSW’s Fleet Unit in the first instance to obtain the relevant claim number and contact details for Fire and Rescue NSW’s insurer.
• Drivers of Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles involved in accidents are to be suspended from driving for the balance of the shift on duty unless the exigencies of the service dictate to the contrary. In the case of retained firefighters suspension is to be for 24 hours unless there are exigencies to the contrary.
• Generally a member of the permanent staff will be reinstated by an officer above the rank of Station Officer at the next rostered shift unless there are contrary circumstances such as medical evidence or unmistakable evidence that the persons suspended may cause injury to persons or damage to property by neglect or lack of skill if reinstated. The same conditions apply to retained firefighters except that the period be 24 hours.
  The reinstatement to be effected by verbal instruction and occurrence book entry at the station concerned. Any additional suspension from driving, in connection with a particular incident, to be as a result of the findings of an inquiry.
• Senior Officers are to attend accidents and assessments of damage value as part of their duties.
• Station Commanders and supervisors must complete an Agency member motor vehicle claim form for all accidents involving Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles, including fire appliances, and submit it to their Duty Commander or manager with a covering memo explaining how the accident occurred.
  The Duty Commander or manager must undertake an initial investigation of the accident to determine if any action is required.
  The Agency member motor vehicle claim form must then be forwarded to the Fleet Management Unit who will process the insurance claim.
• If the accident involved an injury, illness, exposure or near miss, a Notification of injury, illness, exposure or near miss form must also be submitted.

(Standing Orders)

Question 17

Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.

Answer 17

(1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and comply with the requirements of, the Act, this regulation and the Commissioner’s directions.
(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions

(Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) )

Question 18

According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely: List these four points.

Answer 18

• Use
• Fire load
• Population; and
• Mobility of occupants, such as whether they are sleeping or alert

(STP-11B)

Question 19

According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?

Answer 19

• there has been a loss of life at a fire, or a person is not expected to live from their injuries
• the fire is considered major (4th alarm or above, significant community impact, unusual fire behaviour)
• the origin and cause of the fire is not apparent

(Toolkits: requesting FIRU)

Question 20

As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.

Answer 20

SOFA

Summary of Observations & Firefighter Actions

(STP-12C)

Question 21

STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes.

Answer 21

VENTILATION CONTROLLED
- fire development and the heat release rate is dictated by the availability of oxygen
- occurs during a fully developed fire when the fire is pyrolyzing more fuel than can be burnt with the available oxygen in the compartment
- or occurs during fire development if the enclosure has insufficient openings
- fire growth and heat release rate is limited by the available air (o2) supply

FUEL CONTROLLED
- the initial phase of fire development
- the fire grows as a direct function of the fuel itself with little or no influence from the compartment environment
- if we continue to add fuel the fire will grow, remove fuel the fire will decrease

(STP-13A)

Question 22

STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.

Answer 22

1. Fire floor
2. The floor above
3. Top floor

(STP-14B)

Question 23

STP - Outlines when working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation?

Answer 23

A mayday message

*anyone can make a mayday message

1) Press the emergency button on the radio
2) mayday, mayday, mayday
3) transmit emergency message in CAN format

(4) all commanders check PAR, but only report if no PAR
(5) IC or FireCOM immediately acknowledges the emergency communication and initiates necessary action.

(STP-14B)

Question 24

According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?

Answer 24

It applies to EVERY incident FRNSW attends, whether or not FRNSW is the legislated combat agency, and applies from when the first FRNSW resource arrives at the incident to when the last resource is released.

(STP-16A)

Question 25

According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.

Answer 25

Deployment
Command
Situation evaluation
Incident Action Planning
Incident communications
Incident structure
Review and revision
Escalation and de-escalation

(STP-16A)

Question 26

According to STP - At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources. Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?

Answer 26

The incident commander

(STP-16A)

Question 27

A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called 000.
The Tunnel Control Centre closed the tunnel allowing attending fire crews access to extinguish the fire. Peak hour traffic is starting to build at the entrance to the tunnel and thick smoke is throughout. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels that could assist in clearing the smoke?

Answer 27

there is no standard design that describes all fire safety features found in road tunnels throughout NSW

• Longitudinal ventilation (jet fans); push the smoke in the direction of vehicle travel (can be reversed)
• ducted ventilation
• natural ventilation
• cross passage pressurisation

(SOG6.6)

Question 28

According to SOGs -As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.

Answer 28

Recycle
- crews stop work for a short period just outside the hot zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant.
- They remain accountable to IC or sector, group or division commander, as per the incident structure.

Full Rehabilitation
- crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area.
- Once there, they are accountable to a rehabilitation officer.

(SOG1 GSD)

Question 29

According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.

Answer 29

Life at risk phase
- where there are salvable human lives. - The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives.
- A higher level of risk may be acceptable.

Expanding phase
- where the incident is likely to expand beyond acceptable limits.
- The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risks to lives and property.
- Some level of risk may be acceptable.

Contained phase
- where there are sufficient resources to contain the incident within a defined area.
- There is no life at risk, or lives and property are already lost.
- Risk must be minimised as much as practical.

(STP-16A)

Question 30

According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?

Answer 30

• Firefighters in the course of their duty
• employees of FRNSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency
• members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge
• other persons authorised by the commissioner

(Standing Orders)

Question 31

According to Standing Orders, Incident Crew Management System is a simple system for managing information about the location and activities of personnel at incidents. The Incident Crew Management System is made up of three components. What are these components? (Deleted)

Answer 31

1. Passports - used to identify individuals (ICMS card)
2. Appliance tags - used to identify appliances
3. Incident crew management board

(Standing orders)

Question 32

According to STP - List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.

Answer 32

EXCLUDING the fires supply of oxygen (smothering)

SUPPRESSING flammable vapours to stop them from igniting

COOLING the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition

(STP-1A)

Question 33

According to STP – What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas?

Answer 33

Odourless
Colourless
Heavier than air

(STP-1A)

Question 34

According to STP - What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.

Answer 34

BLEVE

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion

(STP-1A)

Question 35

According to STP - What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.

Answer 35

TIC
Infrared thermometer
Wetting test

(STP-1A)

Question 36

Expand the Acronym - SISIACMR

Answer 36

Safe approach
Incident control
Scene security
Identify hazardous materials
Assess potential harm and minimise environmental contamination
Call in resources
Monitor information
Render safe and decontaminate

(SOG10.1)

Question 37

According to STP - What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?

Answer 37

Water - large diameter, hard hitting, water jets

(STP-2B)

Question 38

According to STP -There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages

Answer 38

Stage 1. Abuse factor - thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse

(cell damage)

Stage 2. Off-gas generation - occurs regardless of cell form-factor

(heat release)

Stage 3. Smoke generation - catastrophic failure is imminent

(Ignition)

Stage 4. Fire generation- likelihood of propagation drastically increasss

(Propagation)

(STP-2B)

Question 39

According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?

Answer 39

NIIENM
Notification of injury, illness, exposure and near miss

Should be filled in within 24hrs of occurrence

(Toolkits)

Question 40

According to the toolkit on the intranet - If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?

Answer 40

Your supervisor
Your co-worker

(Toolkits)

Question 41

In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act?

Answer 41

SERM Act 1989

State Emergency and Rescue Management

Question 42

As stated in the SERM Act,1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?

Answer 42

The NSW police force

(SERM act: part 3,division 3, 50)

Question 43

According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?

Answer 43

• Yourself and other rescuers
• Other persons not involved (bystanders)
• Unfortunate person(s)

(STP-29A)

Question 44

According to STP -What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?

Answer 44

Full structural PPC
BA
Charged line 38 at 400kpa in hand

In event of fire
- increase to 800kpa
- 90deg cone at high flow rate to create screen of water
* secure escape path for rescuers
* isolate fire from the passenger cell of the vehicle

(STP-30B)(SMIT: road crash rescue)

Question 45

According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?

Answer 45

HOTS

Heated or extremely low temperatures
Oxygen deficient or enriched environment
Toxic atmospheres
Smoke

(STP-22Z)

Question 46

Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.

Answer 46

Deposit of keys
Keys to private premises

(Forms)

Question 47

As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?

Answer 47

1. Read the ‘fitness drill instruction manual’
2. Complete a PARQ in SPS
3. Watch the ‘fitness drill’ video

(Toolkits)

Question 48

According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?

Answer 48

Agency member motor vehicle claim form

(Operations Bulletin 2020-04)

Question 49

According to the Fire ePermit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?

Answer 49

7 days maximum

(Fire ePermit policy)

Question 50

According to the Fire ePermit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.

Answer 50

The safety aspect only

(Fire ePermit policy)

Question 51

According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?

Answer 51

• at emergency intercom control and indicating equipment (EICIE)
• within 4m of exit within each emergency zone
• within 4m of exit on each story
• within emergency lift shafts
• adjacent to Fire Detection Control and Indicating Equipment (FDCIE) if remote to (EICIE)

(STP-18A)

Question 52

According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room

Answer 52

1. Main stop valve
2. Test drain
3. Sprinkler test facility
4. Sprinkler alarm valve
5. System pressure gauge
6. Deluge valve
7. Water supply with water supply pressure gauge

(STP-18A)

Question 53

According to STP, there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.

Answer 53

TURNING OFF POWER - Firefighters can turn off the main switch, removing fuses and switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard.

ISOLATING POWER - energy authority disconnect power from the network

(STP-32Z)

Question 54

According to STP - Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure

Answer 54

1. On-site consultation
2. Assume switchboard is live
3. Follow the shutdown procedure (if not found turn off the inverter main switch and then turn off the solar panel main switch)
4. Consider if benefits outweigh risks
5. Isolate the power (done by a qualified electrician)

(STP-32Z)

Question 55

According to STP -When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.

Answer 55

An ES sticker

(STP-32Z)

Question 56

Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.

Answer 56

• safe approach
• if connected to the mains electricity, ensure electricity is switched off
• knock down any fire with copious amounts of water
• cool the battery with a cooling stream of water
• submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so
• if unable to submerge continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes
• ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device
• notify FireCOM that the incident involves a lithium-ion device

(Operations Bulletin 2023-01)

Question 57

According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?

Answer 57

• Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance
• do NOT get onto the roof to extinguish the fire
• do NOT put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified
• extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern
• if the solar panel is at ground level consider using a co2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250mm air gap between the co2 nozzle and any electrified components
• NSW fair training notification form to be completed at conclusion of incident

(STP-32Z)

Question 58

According to ADASHI First Responder Fact sheets - If you are the first arriving crew, you must send an initial radio report as well as pressing Code 3 on your MDT. FireCOM needs this information for what reasons? (Deleted)

Answer 58

• it confirms to FireCOM you are at the correct address
• it allows FireCOM to pre-empt your need for extra assistance
• it allows FireCOM to notify specialist support and external agencies such as police, ambulance and energy companies
• it is also important that incident messages are overheard by others, ie responding appliances and senior officers. This helps them to gain situational awareness of the incident.
• FiteCOM uses the information to build a record of the incident which is updated to eAIRS, the MDT, ESCAD log, ADASHI, BOSS and many other systems

(Incident management faqs)

Question 59

According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?

Answer 59

1. Wear SCBA and full structural PPC
2. Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector

(STP-15C)

Question 60

According to STP - What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?

Answer 60

Level 2 PPE

Multipurpose helmet
Goggles
Multipurpose jacket
GP gloves
(Firefighting gloves direct attack)
Duty wear trousers
FF boots
P2

(STP-23A)

Question 61

According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 61

LINE DEFENCE
- protect the perimeter of a property until resources are sufficient for an offensive attack.
- Stay mobile be able to relocate quickly.

EMBER DEFENCE
- firefighter focus is on extinguishing embers and spot fires around structures.
- Remain mobile, ‘hit and move’.

BACKSTOP DEFENCE
- retreat while the fire front passes and move back in to save salvable structures afterwards.
- Retreat to a safe refuge.

(STP-23A)

Question 62

Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.

Answer 62

-thermal runaway
- extreme fire behaviour
- release of toxic vapour and gases
- hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes
- stranded energy
- projectiles
- secondary ignition

(Operations Bulletin 2023-01)

Question 63

As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?

Answer 63

1:4
OUTLET 4X LARGER than the inlet

(STP- 20C)

Question 64

According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?

Answer 64

At the point of flame contact

(SOG10.10)

Question 65

As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.

Answer 65

The same distance as the height of the door, the cone of pressurised air should cover the doorway.

(STP-20C)

Question 66

According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?

Answer 66

• the appropriate bag for the type of contaminate: asbestos, clinical, clear
• cable ties or strong tape
• a contaminated equipment tag

(Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear)

Question 67

You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?

Answer 67

Class 1 - A fire under the control of the responsible fire authority, whether or not incidental/low level assistance is provided by other agencies.

(SOG 3.1 GSD)

Question 68

According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?

Answer 68

The number of 22kg co2 cylinders to be injected

(SOG 14.2 GSD)

Question 69

According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down?

Answer 69

• composition of the ground
• moisture content
• voltage of the electrical source

(SOG 14.2 GSD)

Question 70

According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.

Answer 70

• metals
• human body
• timber / trees
• flame and dense smoke
• vehicle tyres
• wet or dirty rope
• water

(SOG 14.2 GSD)

Question 71

According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity.

Answer 71

• stay away (always regard as live until otherwise known)
• assess the risk from at least 8m away
• establish an exclusion zone
• have the electricity company isolate the power

(SOG 14.2 GSD)

Question 72

As listed on the SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit - State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit

Answer 72

• insulating gloves
• leather over gloves
• non contact voltage detectors x2

(SIMS: electrical safety kit)

Question 73

According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?

Answer 73

1. Put on electrical gloves first
2. Put on leather over gloves
   - the cuff if the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff if the over glove
   - the cuff if the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC

(Rec practice: ppe)

Question 74

According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.

Answer 74

• possible terrorist incident
• crime investigation
• site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management
• rescue incidents

(SOG1.15)

Question 75

You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?

Answer 75

• identify and liaise with the emergency coordinator
• while waiting to enter, start developing the IAP by accessing information eg. PIPs, SOGs, utilities
• where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the emergency coordinator.
• Notify FireCOM if entry is delayed
  ** always remain outside the facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter**
• at the main entry, access the red fire emergency plan box containing the FRNSW PIP, safety data sheets, and local emergency plans, and brief crew about the facility
• prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.

(SOG8.3)

Question 76

According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, what is the definition of workplace bullying?

Answer 76

Repeated and unreasonable behaviour towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety

(Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy)

Question 77

Under NSW legislation, Rescues involving fire or hazardous materials are carried out under what Act (deleted)

Answer 77

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989

Question 78

According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.

Answer 78

1. attend fire and other emergency incidents (providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank)
2. assist with investigations into the cause of fires
3. contribute to the station’s operational readiness, (including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment)
4. contribute to the station’s community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities
5. support the station officer in actions to achieve FRNSWs goals of protecting life, property and other initiatives under the plus plan
6. undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station

Question 79

According to STP - What guidelines (general rules) should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?

Answer 79

Incident management standard operational guidelines

(STP-16A)

Question 80

According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?

Answer 80

• base pump should always be the largest capacity appliance
• 5 lengths between the base pump and relay pump 1
• 7 lengths between relay pumps or fireground
• must be a minimum of 2 lines

(STP-7A)

Question 81

According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.

Answer 81

NATURAL - a fire caused without human intervention or action

ACCIDENTAL - fires for which the proven cause does not involve an intentional human act to ignite or spread the fire into an area where the fire should not be

INCENDIARY - a fire that is intentionally ignited in an area where and when there should not be a fire

UNDETERMINED - the cause of the fire can not be proven to an acceptable level of certainty

(STP-12C)

Question 82

Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, what actions should you take?

Answer 82

ESCAPE - as a priority remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender/s or areas that they might reasonably access

HIDE - if you don’t believe that you can safely escape, consider sheltering in place
- mute all communications equipment including private mobile phones so as to not give away your hiding place
- constantly re-assess the situation and your options based on the best available information

TELL - the more information you can pass on to FireCOM or the police the better, but never at the risk of your own safety or the safety of others

(SOG8.7)

Question 83

According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.

Answer 83

• establish BA control as close to the entry/exit point as possible
• check and enter all details on the BA control board
• ensure that BA teams are identified by a call sign determined by the incident communications plan
• calculate and monitor entry and exit times
• monitor all radio communications within the sector
• when exit time is reached: 1.immediately contact the individual BA wearer or BA team leader
  2. If unable to contact, notify their commander
  3. Activate the RIT immediately when required and notify the IC
• indicate to BA crews the locations of the BA staging area and rehab area
• provide updates to their commander as required
• ensure BA control boards clearly show when extended duration BA is in use (red tag attached)
• ensure BA control boards clearly show when aerial appliance operators are wearing BA
• ensure BA boards clearly show when extension facemasks are in use: with air trolley, on aerial appliances, with aux face masks from another BA set, with an extension face mask from a standalone BA set
• notify the IC or sector/group commander if they require assistance

(SOG9.4)

Question 84

According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text. What does the text usually refer to?

Answer 84

Additional Personal Protection

(White reader: vol 2, topic 7, section 2, p8)

Question 85

According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?

Answer 85

• known low concentrations of inert dust
• concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations when the work piece can be kept wet
• contamination by body fluids
• the particles, but not the gases , in bushfire smoke

(SOG9.1)

Question 86

According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. Describe the life at risk phase.

Answer 86

Where there are salvable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.

(SOG1.4)

Question 87

According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?

Answer 87

• entry without undue delay
• enter with the minimal of structural damage
• enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible

(White reader: vol1, topic 2, section 9, p3)

Question 88

According to SOGs -You respond to a building fire and the contaminated run- off/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?

Answer 88

EPA - environment protection authority
RMS - roads and maritime services

(SOG1.15)

Question 89

According to SOGs -You are relieving at a regional station, and you conduct an Incident Management drill for Retained (On Call) Firefighters. You state incident management involves strategic functions that must be addressed in order to safely and effectively manage and resolve an incident. Name the strategic functions. (Deleted)

Answer 89

Deployment
Command
Situation evaluation
Incident Action Planning
incident communications
Incident structure
Review and revision
Escalation and de-escalation

(SOG1)

Question 90

According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?

Answer 90

1. Use the principles of Incident control structure and ensure an effective span of control
2. Establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or FireCOM with superfluous data
3. Ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication

(SOG2.1)

Question 91

According to SOGs - You inspect the hydrant and booster system at a large industrial complex, and you notice the booster system has no main wheel valve and no pillar supply hydrants. What does this tell you about the hydrant system? (Deleted)

Answer 91

It is an Ordinance 70 system and the nearest street hydrant is within 60m

(SOG4.11)

Question 92

According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.

Answer 92

• specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes, and installed fire systems
• operate valves and other industrial processes
• fire attack under the control of FRNSW officers
• (SOG4.9)

Question 93

SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?

Answer 93

The scaling down of the incident structure and FRNSW involvement as the incident draws to a conclusion or reduces in complexity until FRNSW involvement eventually terminates

(SOG1.8)

Question 94

According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.

Answer 94

White - chief warden, deputy chief warden, communications officer
Yellow - floor warden
Red - wardens
Green w/ white cross - first aid officer

(SOG4.9)

Question 95

What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes:
• Code3
• Code6
• Code 4
• Code1
• Code7

Answer 95

1. Responding
2. Call off
3. On scene
4. Available for response
5. Returned to station
6. Incident in RFS area
7. Unavailable for response

(SOG2.5)

Question 96

You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?

Answer 96

A Fire Control Room is usually at or below ground level. Features include:
• a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation
• two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit
• Fire Indicator Panel
• Fire Fan Control Panel
• Master Emergency Control Panel
• controls for fire pumps
• Security Alarm and Control Panels
• telephone (direct line outside)
• whiteboard, corkboard and plan table
• Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics).

(SOG4.14)

Question 97

You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?

Answer 97

Before cutting any ISP, conduct a risk assessment. Important issues to consider include:
• if there is sufficient time and resources available.
• leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
• electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
• the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores
• Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut.
• An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air;
Have a charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs.

(SOG4.16)

Question 98

You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?

Answer 98

1:5 max 7

(SOG1.6)

Question 99

It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?

Answer 99

Consider the “seven sides” of the fire: front, rear, both sides, top, bottom and inside.

(SOG4.4)

Question 100

On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?

Answer 100

If any defects are noted, advise the NSWFB Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself.

(SOG4.10)

Question 101

You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?

Answer 101

Papá
Hotel
Oscar
Sierra
Golf
Echo
November
Echo

(SOG2.7)

Question 102

An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?

Answer 102

The NSW police force

(SERM act: part 3,division 3, 50)

Question 103

Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?

Answer 103

1. Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing.
2. Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eAIRS report.
3. Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near-Miss (NIIENM) form is completed.

(SOG10.13)

Question 104

According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?

Answer 104

− To save and protect lives.
− To prevent the incident from expanding beyond a deliberately chosen
boundary.
− To minimise further consequences of the incident on the community.

(SOG1.4)

Question 105

According to FRNSW fatigue management procedure permanent firefighters, what is the recommended consecutive hours break taken after completion of their second 24-hour shift, prior to recall, part change of shift or any other overtime in order to minimise fatigue risk. (Deleted)

Answer 105

Breaks between rostered shifts must be at least 8 hours

(Fatigue management procedure)

Question 106

According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination.

Answer 106

Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident. All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination.
 The aim of decontamination is to ensure zero exposure for firefighters, with all contaminates removed and left at the incident, where possible. All PPE, including boots, require cleaning before leaving the incident.

(Clean firefighter policy)

Question 107

According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.

Answer 107

• like all residents, must follow Fire Danger Rating instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan
• do not fight fires or enter bushland; they are only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack
• are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations
• must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate
• after the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front

(Toolkits)

Question 108

According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?

Answer 108

• a patient is at risk of further serious injury or death if medical assistance is not provided quickly

(SOG11.10)

Question 109

According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.

Answer 109

0.02

(FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy)

Question 110

According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?

Answer 110

• notify all personnel in the collapse zone
• notify SO/sector commander
• evacuate premises
• set up exclusion zone
• use appropriate water streams

(STP-33Z)

Question 111

According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?

Answer 111

• code 100
• a detailed message is sent with the 100 code

(SOG2.5)

Question 112

According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.

Answer 112

LOOKOUTS - be aware of your surroundings and current fire behaviour

AWARENESS - fire conditions, weather, hazards, hydration

COMMUNICATION - maintain communication in accordance with the communication plan, report any safety issues immediately

ESCAPE ROUTES - maintain at least 2 escape routes at all times, make known and consistently review

SAFE ZONES - safe zones should be identified and made known

(SOG3.1)

Question 113

According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.

Answer 113

Catastrophic
Extreme
High
Moderate
No rating

(SOG3.1)

Question 114

According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?

Answer 114

• be clear, concise and factual
• Use complete callsigns and standard terminology that the receiver has been conditioned to listen for
• make sure the message is understood (order model)
• avoid radio congestion (keep messages short, direct and to the point
• Describe what is happening (CAN)
• protect sensitive information

(SOG2.2)

Question 115

According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.

Answer 115

OFFENSIVE - operations conducted when the fire and weather conditions are favourable as well as sufficient resources available
- direct attack, parallel attack, indirect attack.

DEFENSIVE - the first priority in defensive operations is the safety of all crews, focus of effort is on property protection or structural triage
- line defence, ember, backstop

SAFEGUARDING - when offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worse conditions
- warn, escort and protect community members to ensure their safety.

(SOG3.1)

Question 116

According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.

Answer 116

Level 2 PPE
- multi-purpose helmet
- flashhood (caried)
- goggles
- P2 mask (minimum)
- multi-purpose coat
- firefighting gloves
- dutywear trousers
- firefighting boots

(SOG3.1 GSD)

Question 117

Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.

Answer 117

• Dizziness
• weakness
• nausea

(SOG3.1 GSD)

Question 118

According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?

Answer 118

• Going
• Being controlled
• Contained
• Patrol
• Out

(SOG3.1 GSD)

Question 119

According to SOGs - What acronym is used to assist ICs in remembering the factors which should be considered in an effective size-up? (Deleted)

Answer 119

BELEA

• Building
• Exposures
• Location of fire
• Extinguishment
• Assistance

(SOG4.1)

Question 120

According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.

Answer 120

OFFENSIVE - operating in close proximity to the hazards

DEFENSIVE - operating away from the hazards

(SOG1.4)

Question 121

As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?

Answer 121

• objectives (rescue, protect exposures, contain spread)
• strategies (offensive, defensive, marginal)
• tactics (deployment of crews and appliances)
• tasks (individual work assignments)

(SOG4.1)

Question 122

As stated in SOGs - In the event of a major fire, the IC must establish an exclusion zone to protect personnel from the risk of windows, panels and debris that become dislodged by heat, wind pressure or water jets. Any external Control Point (e.g., Incident Control Vehicle) must be located outside this zone. How far will the exclusion zone extend? (Deleted)

Answer 122

• upwind, minimum 50m
• downwind, a minimum distance of 2x the height of the highest fire floor
  wind direction is based on the direction of smoke travel at the fire floors, not street level

(SOG4.5)

Question 123

According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?

Answer 123

• accompany the first arriving crew and become sector commander for the fire floor

1. identify fire location from: FIP, subFIP, occupants
2. brief and task motor driver
3. establish a forward control point and commence fire operations from the floor below the fire floor

(SOG4.5)

Question 124

According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?

Answer 124

120m

(SOG6.6)

Question 125

According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?

Answer 125

• support NSW police force or the ADF by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur
• act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations, if required
• if requested, assist NSW Ambulance

(SOG8.1)

Question 126

According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe- * Bulk
* Flatbed storage * Ventilated
* Sealed

Answer 126

BULK - more than 4 tonnes (net), or more than 4 cubic meters of a substance, not in individual packages

FLATBED STORAGE - a single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes

VENTILATED - containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated

SEALED - a container that has its openings sealed to prevent oxygen from entering - includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers

(SOG8.2)

Question 127

According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 127

• self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
• extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA) a SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration
• Airline respirator (extension facemask) with an airline supplied from an air trolley, an independent SCBA, an auxiliary connection to a shared SCBA, an aerial appliance BA bank

(SOG9.1)

Question 128

According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.

Answer 128

1. Standard decontamination - implemented when no life at risk
2. Emergency decontamination - life at risk or immediate response due to accidental contamination
3. Mass decontamination - dangerous situation requiring the immediate decontamination of a group of people

(SOG10.4)

Question 129

According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?

Answer 129

TIME - minimise duration of exposure

DISTANCE - maximise the distance from the radiological source

SHIELDING - maximise the shielding between the radiological source and people

(SOG10.9)

Question 130

According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation.

Answer 130

• alpha
• beta
• gamma rays
• x-rays
• neutrons
• ultraviolet
• microwaves
• radio waves

(SOG10.9 GSD)

Question 131

According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.

Answer 131

• minimise disturbance
• keep lightly dampened with fog spray
• apply a bonding agent such as PVA/water mix
• bag into marked asbestos containment bags
• wrap or cover with black plastic sheeting

(SOG10.11)

Question 132

Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.

Answer 132

FRIABLE: any ACM in powder form, or that can be crumbled, pulverised, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry.

NON-FRIABLE: (bonded) any ACM that is not friable including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound

(SOG10.11)

Question 133

According to Standing Orders – The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?

Answer 133

4

(standing orders p142)

Question 134

According to Standing Orders - Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?

Answer 134

• ensure that hydrants work when needed
• notify water authorities of problems with hydrants
• familiarise crews with hydrants in their area

(Standing orders p138)

Question 135

According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?

Answer 135

• immediate or as soon as possible after an incident.
• ‘Hot’ debrief conducted at the incident or on return to the station

(After action review policy p7)

Question 136

As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values
with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values.

Answer 136

Respect
Integrity
Service
Courage
(trust, accountability)

(Code of conduct and ethics p8)

Question 137

According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?

Answer 137

Professional standards

(FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure)

Question 138

According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.

Answer 138

• Direct contact transmission with bloody or body substances
• indirect contact transmission
• droplet transmission
• airborne transmission
• gastrointestinal transmission
• vector borne (zoonotic) transmission

(infection prevention and control manual)

Question 139

According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?

Answer 139

Sievert (Sv)

(SOG10.9 GSD)

Question 140

According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.

Answer 140

• Concentration of exposure: Greater quantities of inhaled fibres will increase
  the likelihood of developing disease.
• Duration of exposure: The longer the duration you are exposed, the greater
  the likelihood of developing disease.
• Fibre characteristics: The type of fibres inhaled have an effect on the
  likelihood of developing disease. Shorter, straight fibres are more likely to
  be breathed deeper into the lungs.
• Other exposures: Exposure to other hazardous materials may compound
  the likelihood of developing disease. For instance, people who have
  smoked have a much greater likelihood of developing an asbestos-related
  disease.

(SOG10.11 GSD)

Question 141

List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security.

Answer 141

HOT ZONE:
- 30m minimum in all directions
- no personnel enter until a risk assessment determines appropriate actions and PPE

WARM ZONE:
- 20m minimum in all directions
- where FRNSW conducts its operations

COLD ZONE:
- where the incident control point and support agencies are located
- where NSW police implement overall site control

(SOG10.1)

Question 142

According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.

Answer 142

Stage 1:
- residents removed from immediate danger - evacuated to an adjoining room or corridor

Stage 2:
- FRNSW likely to be involved
- residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridors, away from the emergency
- evacuated to another fire/smoke compartment or another floor below the emergency

Stage 3:
- residents completely removed from the building - evacuated to a nominated assembly area

(SOG4.8)

Question 143

According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.

Answer 143

WARN: tailored to the current situation and locality

MOVE: support, assist and move, particularly vulnerable people to safer location

PROTECT: when moving to a safe location is impossible provide protection in whatever form necessary

(SOG3.1 GSD)

Question 144

According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?

Answer 144

the Fire control room

(SOG4.5)

Question 145

SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.

Answer 145

• Industrial complexes: some processes may be difficult to shut down quickly
• High-rise buildings: lights or lifts may be needed during evacuation of residents
• Health care facilities: life-sustaining equipment may be in use

(SOG14.2)

Question 146

According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.

Answer 146

Double sided tape

(Smoke alarm installation procedure)

Question 147

Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multi- agency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?

Answer 147

RED: high risk incidents
BLUE: medium risk incidents
GREEN: low risk incidents

(Operational guide for multi-agency response to suspicious substance incidents)

Question 148

Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?

Answer 148

• an unwelcome sexual advance
• an unwelcome request for sexual favours
• unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature which offends, humiliates or intimidates

a person sexually harasses another person if-
(a) the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person; or,
(b) the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person,
in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated

(Anti- Discrimination Act 1977)

Question 149

According to the procedure, list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift

Answer 149

replacement firefighters must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled on the particular shift

(Procedure: arrangements for full or part change of shift)

Question 150

According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?

Answer 150

24 hours

(Procedure: arrangements for full or part change of shift)

Question 151

According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material incident?

Answer 151

an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.

(FRNSW Act 1989)

Question 152

According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, when responding to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS, the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?

Answer 152

re-setting of the alarm will only be carried out by FRNSW

(MOU: FRNSW,RFS)

Question 153

According to the Toolkit - Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?

Answer 153

31 May

(Toolkits)

Question 154

According to the SOGs - The minimum training requirements, for career firefighters at permanent stations, what is the minimum hours of training per set of four shifts (DDNN) or 2 shifts (on the 24hr roster)? (Deleted)

Answer 154

6 hours

(Standing orders: p299)

Question 155

According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List and describe all three. (Note question changed, list only not describe)

Answer 155

STAND-BY MODE:
1- connect up to 4x 70mm lines connected from the feed or street hydrant to the collector
2- equal number of 70mm lines connected from the deliveries to booster inlets
3- remove the leather strap and test the main wheel valve movement
4- note the pressure on the booster pressure gauge
5- notify the IC booster in Standby mode and await instruction

ACTIVATION MODE:
1- connect up to 4x 70mm lines connected from the feed or street hydrant to the collector AND OPEN
2- equal number of 70mm lines connected from the deliveries to booster inlets AND OPEN
3- remove the leather strap and CLOSE the main wheel valve
4- increase pressure to the required operating pressure as requested by IC
5- notify the IC booster in Activation mode at xxxKPA
6- maintain pressure and flow and await instruction

DEACTIVATION MODE:
1- reduce pressure and disengage pump
2- OPEN the main wheel valve and restore the leather strap
3- SHUT the feed hydrants to the collectors
4- SHUT the deliveries to the booster inlets
5- REMOVE hose
6- SHUT DOWN the hydrant pump if required

(SOG4.11)

Question 156

According to the workplace safety toolkit - Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?

Answer 156

• SIRA poster: if you get injured at work
• Commissioners safety statement
• Safety and wellbeing plan
• FRNSW return to work policy
• Workplace evacuation diagrams
• WHS issue resolution flowchart
• NIIENM submission guide
• Safety information and contacts
• Safety representatives template

(Toolkit: WHS notice board)

Question 157

According to Standing Orders - Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?

Answer 157

• intruders may still be in the building
• a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device

(Standing orders p63)

Question 158

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?

Answer 158

The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature

(White reader, vol 1, topic 2, section 2, p2)

Question 159

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions. Which conditions do NOT occur in both?

Answer 159

the explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space (dust explosions ONLY)

(White reader, vol1, topic 3, section 8, page 4)

Question 160

You respond to a building that has a dry riser system. In accordance with SOGs, if you identify one of these systems what should you be aware of? (Deleted)

Answer 160

they are not charged with water, relying on FRNSW to charge them from street hydrants

(SOG4.11)

Question 161

During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations.
According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?

Answer 161

• locate appliance uphill, upwind and at least 50m from the landing site, fuel pumps, fuel storage, any incident on the base
• In full PPE stand by with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and Class B foam ready to be inducted
• prevent water or foam streams from hitting moving rotors

(SOG5.8)

Question 162

A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?

Answer 162

• the type of fuel in the fire
• size of the fire
• size of the internal openings
• height of the building
• the weather

(White reader: vol 1, topic 2, section 14, page6)

Question 163

At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?

Answer 163

the staging officer did NOT advise the IC when spare resources in staging became low, or fall below the number specified by the IC

(SOG1.1)

Question 164

You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle’s brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014- 02, what actions should be taken?

Answer 164

the driver is travelling too quickly for the road conditions and must alter their driving behaviour

(Operations Bulletin 2014- 02)

Question 165

According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.

Answer 165

HAZARD: anything with the potential to harm (can be an object or task)
- can be physical, chemical, ergonomic, psychosocial

RISK: is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard
- level of risk is dependant on 1.consequence/severity of potential harm
2. likelihood of occurring

(STP-6B)

Question 166

You attend a Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) between two (2) cars, you note one of the vehicles is an LPG powered vehicle. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, in general, LPG cylinders in vehicles have what fittings? (Deleted)

Answer 166

• service valve
• contents gauge
• fixed liquid level gauge
• safety valve, including relief valve
• filler valve

(White reader: vol 1, topic 3, section 5, page9)

Question 167

According to FRNSW Act 1989, What is the definition of hazardous material? (Deleted)

Answer 167

anything that, when produced, stored, moved, used or otherwise dealt with without adequate safeguards to prevent it from escaping, may cause injury or death or damage to property.

(FRNSW Act 1989)

Question 168

You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.

Answer 168

• provide advice to the IC on all aspects of incident safety and operational risk management
• identify unsafe conditions or operations and report these to the IC
• correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander
• communicate with commanders to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented
• identify hazards likely to affect the safety, health or welfare of personnel and ensure all at the incident are properly briefed on these hazards including control measures
• assist the IC to complete the operational risk assessment worksheet
• confirm that health and safety systems are in place, eg. BA control, rehabilitation
• confirm all utilities are identified and rendered safe
• confirm all at the incident are aware of any hazard zones/ exclusion zones

(SOG1: roles for incident management)

Question 169

FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?

Answer 169

• don’t walk on spongy roofs.
  Sponginess in the roof is usually a
  sign that structural members have
  been weakened;
• take care to prevent firefighters from
  sliding and falling;
• exercise caution when working near
  electric wires;
• ensure that firefighters making the
  opening are standing to the windward
  side of the cut and wearing the correct
  protective equipment;
• watch for indications of weakening
  structure or other hazards;
• apply extreme caution when using
  power tools;
• keep a firm footing;
• always have a means of retreat

(White reader: vol 1, topic 2, section 14, page 12)

Question 170

You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 31 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2023, what is your correct course of action?

Answer 170

1. Prevent the person entering
2. Report them to the officer in charge of the site

Security on fire duty and watch duty
A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must—
(a) ensure a person does not enter, or interfere with or remove goods from, premises at the site unless the person establishes the person’s identity and authority to do so, and
(b) if a person unlawfully enters, or interferes with or removes goods from, premises at the site—report the person to the officer in charge at the site.

(Fire Brigades Regulation 2023)

Question 171

According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?

Answer 171

• More fully size up the incident.
• Directly supervise the crew.
• Assist the crew with task level work if needed.
• Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the
  incident is in its early stages.

(SOG1 GSD)

Question 172

Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?

Answer 172

• fire fighting medium to be used
• PPE (clothing and equipment) required
• spillage action (contain vs dilute)
• evacuation considerations

(Emergency response guide)

Question 173

To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.

Answer 173

• starvation;
• smothering;
• cooling; and
• interruption of the flame chain
  reaction.

(White reader: vol 1, topic 2, section 2, page 1)

Question 174

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages.

Answer 174

• it is likely to damage cargo;
• it may react dangerously with cargo;
• it can affect a ship’s stability; (reduce freeboard, list, loll)
• it always presents a danger of
  flooding; and
• NSWFB equipment may not fit shipboard connections.

(White reader: vol1, topic 3, section 2, page 26)

Question 175

Describe the purpose of the FRNSW Act 1989? (Deleted)

Answer 175

An Act to provide for the protection of persons and property from fire and from hazardous material incidents, and for that purpose to constitute NSWFB as a department of the government and to provide for permanent and retained fire brigades; to amend certain Acts; and for other purposes.

(FRNSW Act)

Question 176

According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.

Answer 176

• check concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC
• close windows and move flammable material away from windows
• always have a charged line of hose
• maintain communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity

(STP-19B)

Question 177

You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an in- line engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?

Answer 177

Radial engines present a greater risk, due to the ancillary equipment, which is usually housed behind the cylinders. The fire risk includes the oil, pumps, generators, carburettors, pipe work and wiring. CO2 extinguishers are most effective in controlling these fires.

(White reader: vol 1, topic 3, section 1, page 3)

Question 178

According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?

Answer 178

at least every 4 hours

(Fatigue Management Procedure)

Question 179

You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?

Answer 179

• the nature and proximity of exposures;
• the size of the fire;
• the seat of the fire;
• the wind and weather conditions;
• the type of building construction; and
• the presence of vertical or horizontal
  openings and how they may affect
  ventilation.

(White reader: vol 1, topic 2, section 14, page 1)

Question 180

According to SOGs, if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?

Answer 180

at least 20 minutes

(SOG14.5)

Question 181

According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?

Answer 181

the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant

(SOG10.4)

Question 182

During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?

Answer 182

• do NOT engage in firefighting under HV power lines
• Maintain a minimum 25m exclusion zone
• once the fire has burned clear commence mopping up from outside the exclusion zone
• NEVER direct a hose stream higher than head height

(SOG14.4)

Question 183

You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?

Answer 183

Hydrants have three types of deliveries:
* double delivery;
* elbow delivery; and
* standpipe delivery.

(White reader, vol 1, topic 2, section 4, page 6)

Question 184

A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks.
Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?

Answer 184

1. the BA wearers DID NOT notify the BACO when they donned their facemasks and began using their supplier air at a remote location

(SOG9.4)

Question 185

According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.

Answer 185

1. Decontamination officer
2. Wash operator
3. Wash assistant
4. Disrobe assistant
5. Pump operator

(SOG10.4)

Question 186

At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?

Answer 186

Some of the possible signs of use of accelerant are:
* characteristic burn pattern,
* indication of fire trailers,
* rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials,
* unusual odours, or
* damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.

(standing Orders)

Question 187

You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?

Answer 187

• Full structural PPC including helmet and gloves
• flash hood
• SCBA
• ear plugs

(SOG5.8)

Question 188

Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?

Answer 188

flammable matter includes—
(a) any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and
(b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.

(FRNSW Act 1989)

Question 189

According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?

Answer 189

a major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997

(SOG3.1 GSD)

Question 190

In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the 4 main types of military warfare agents?

Answer 190

• Nerve agents
• Blister agents
• Blood agents
• Choking agents

(chemistry and toxicology manual)

Question 191

You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks.
What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?

Answer 191

If you are first on scene, formally assume command of the incident as follows:
* Confirm via initial radio report to FireCOM that an IC is in place.
* Name command.
* Select an appropriate command position – ie fast attack or stationary.

(SOG1.2)

Question 192

You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?

Answer 192

• more than 25m high or
• having more than 10 levels

(SOG4.5)

Question 193

If there is a minor bushfire in a Fire District attended four FRNSW pumpers and two RFS tankers managed by the FRNSW Duty Commander, what class of bushfire is it? (Deleted)

Answer 193

Class 1

(SOG3.1 GSD)

Question 194

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?

Answer 194

• the seat of the fire has been located;
• crews are ready to enter with charged
  hose lines;
• back-up crews are ready to enter; and
• communications have been
  established amongst all crews.

(White reader: vol 1, topic 2, section 14, page 2)

Question 195

You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?

Answer 195

For the purpose of containing or ending a hazardous material incident, or rendering the site of such an incident safe, the officer in charge may;
- take such measures as the officer thinks proper
- cause water to be shut off from any main or pipe
- take possession of any building

(FRNSW Act)

Question 196

FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS).
What are the key principles of AIIMS?

Answer 196

Management by objectives
Unity of command
Flexibility
Functional management
Span of control

(SOG1 GSD)

Question 197

According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”

Answer 197

search and rescue have been completed and the incident controller is satisfied that all occupants have been accounted for

(SOG2.7)

Question 198

According to the SOGs, on arrival at a high-rise structure fire, the Hazmat Officer will become the BA Commander and perform what duties? (Deleted)

Answer 198

• establish a main BA control area, on street level
• provide reserve BA cylinders for servicing and regenerating EDBA and SCBA
• manage contaminated water run-off
  monitor smoke plumes

(SOG4.5)

Question 199

You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?

Answer 199

1. 2 in hot zone, 2 on-deck, 4 in staging
2. 2 in hot zone, 2 on-deck, 2 recycling, 2 in staging

(SOG1 GSD)

Question 200

FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?

Answer 200

Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect;
* Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion;
* Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace.

(Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy)

Question 201

According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.

Answer 201

• Career development
• Operational capability - skills and qualification development
• compassionate issues/ staff welfare
• location based transfers
• performance/ disciplinary

(Transfer and Mobility Policy)

Question 202

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?

Answer 202

The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium

(White reader: vol 1, topic 2, section 2, page 2)

Question 203

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.

Answer 203

TRUNK mains - from original source to a secondary distribution point

DISTRIBUTARY mains - from secondary point to sub-divided areas

RETICULATION mains - feed from the distribution mains and feed individual streets and buildings

(White reader: vol 1, topic 2, section 4, page 1)

Question 204

You are responded to a report of an unknown odour at an abandoned petrol station. You inform your crew to prepare a 4-head gas detector for use on arrival.
According to SOGs, what four items of information can the detector tell you? (Deleted)

Answer 204

LEL - lower explosive limit (the presence of combustible gases and some combustable vapours)
O2 - oxygen concentration
H2S - hydrogen sulfide
CO - carbon monoxide

(Recommended practice: multi-head gas detector)

Question 205

Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage.
According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?

Answer 205

• many firefighter fatalities have occurred overseas in fires involving buildings with ICPs

1. ESP melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable , inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with TICs due to the insulating properties of the panels, and can spread to areas remote from the fire origin
2. Panel delamination rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires, and causes panels to collapse
3. There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught
4. Large volumes of thick, toxic, black, acrid smoke are produced
5. Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse

(SOG 4.16 GSD)

Question 206

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?

Answer 206

1. Civil
2. Military
3. Helicopters (civil and military)

(White reader: volume 1, topic 2, section1, page 1)

Question 207

According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?

Answer 207

• with the code 1 (responding) message
• or immediately when it becomes apparent to the OIC that they are responding to a call within a rural fire district

(SOG 2.5: standard radio codes)

Question 208

According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).

Answer 208

• conduct atmospheric monitoring with a 4-head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking
• use a TIC to detect if hydrogen fire is present
• conduct thermal checks on the battery using a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium ion battery. If so use a hose stream to cool
• establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident

(Operations Bulletin 2023-02)

Question 209

The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising.
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?

Answer 209

• any increase in the noise level from the valve
• any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder

(White reader: topic 3, section 5, page 6)

Question 210

In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?

Answer 210

critical factors and hazards identified in the situation evaluation

(SOG1.4)

Question 211

You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?

Answer 211

The commissioner is authorised to enter, by his or her agents, any land, building or vessel where any fire or hazardous material incident has occurred and to retain possession of the land, building or vessel for a reasonable time or until an inquest or inquiry has been held relating to the fire or incident.

(Fire and Rescue Act 1989: Part 3, division 2, 22)

Question 212

According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult
topics.

Answer 212

Straight talk

(Toolkit - Respectful workplaces)

Question 213

According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.

Answer 213

Employee Assistance Program

(Toolkit - Mental fitness)

Question 214

According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?

Answer 214

When the last FRNSW resource leaves the incident

(SOG 1.8: escalation and de-escalation)

Question 215

What are principles of situation evaluation in incident management?

Answer 215

• OBSERVATION - continually collecting and evaluating incident information
• EVALUATION - identify, review and revise critical factors, hazards and risks
• DECISION MAKING - develop an IAP and task appliances and crews
• situational evaluation only ends when the incident is terminated

The IC should continually collect and evaluate information throughout the incident, from the time of call until the incident is terminated. On route, initial size up, 360 size up, from on-site experts, other emergency services, commanders, firefighters and other agencies. From this information the IC must identify a set of critical factors, process them into an IAP and task crews to achieve a desired outcome.

• the IC must identify a set of critical factors - ie. elements that if not felt with rapidly, could cause expansion of the incident or a threat to firefighters or others - and process them into an IAP
• the IC can only manage 3-7 critical factors at one time. If there is more than this consider expanding the incident structure so that delegation can occur
• collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene
• once on scene, further information is collected and rapidly evaluated via an initial size up from the vehicle
• whenever possible the IC should collect additional information via a 360 size up
• critical factors must be communicated to FireCOM
• the IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources such as on-site experts, the BOM and other agencies
• critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. The IAP must be modified as critical factors change
• the ICs initial size up and decision making about critical factors may need to be rapid, but once the incident is contained the IC should take a more deliberate approach
• situation evaluation only ends when the incident is terminated
• anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors. These need to be communicated to the IC. Critical safety factors can be addressed immediately if required before informing the IC

(SOG1.3: situation evaluation)

Question 216

According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.

Answer 216

TICs are not intrinsically safe. Do not use these tools in potentially flammable atmospheres

(Recommended practice: thermal imaging cameras)

Question 217

According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?

Answer 217

The plan developed by the IC that describes, at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident

• the risk assessment
• strategy and objectives
• critical factors
• the incident structure (including resources being used and needed)
• layout of the incident (mud map)
• any other relevant information

(SOG 1: GSD)

Question 218

According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Answer 218

Small (100%)
Medium (75%)
Large (50%)
Very large (25%)
Mega (10%)

(SOG 1: GSD)

Question 219

As stated in SOGs - Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include-

Answer 219

• confirmation of address
• conditions: brief description of the incident, obvious critical factors including hazards
• actions: initial incident action plan (IAP) assumption of command and naming of the incident, strategy
• needs: increase alarm level or request resources,

(SOG 1: GSD)

Question 220

According to Standing Orders - The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs.

Answer 220

Any member of the crews participating in the activity, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting

(Standing orders: community activity reporting system)

Question 221

According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?

Answer 221

Annually

(Cyber security policy)

Question 222

According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?

Answer 222

• SIMPLE - low risk, low intensity, small area, low potential impact on assets, completion in one shift, minimal fuel and terrain variation
• COMPLEX - moderate to high risk, a range of fire intensity, medium to large areas, significant potential impact on assets and involve a variety of fuel and terrain.

(Bushfire hazard reduction procedure)

Question 223

According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?

Answer 223

• removal of bushfire fuels
• bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities (landcare on behalf of local council)
• agriculture activities

(Bushfire hazard reduction policy)

Question 224

According to the Bushfire hazard reduction policy - List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.

Answer 224

• when there is a total fire ban
• the EPA has issued a no-burn notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
• the fire behaviour index (FBI) is greater than 23

(Bushfire hazard reduction policy)

Question 225

According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?

Answer 225

Any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within a FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual.

(CASE STUDY 2023-06)

Question 226

When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?

Answer 226

• DONT send sensitive information across an open channel. Many non- FRNSW people monitor radio transmissions
• messages containing details of injuries, fatalities or personal information shout be sent by alternate means of communication such as mobile phone, GRN private call facility or face to face
• be sensitive to the feelings of non-operational personnel or members of the public who may overhear messages. Ensure that outside speakers on appliances are turned off if sensitive information is being sent

(SOG 2.2: radio discipline 2.8)

Question 227

According to Six Minute Intensive Training- Emergency Management- A priority traffic message, which draws attention to something that may pose a risk to firefighters. For example, a new critical factor, which prompts the IC to change the incident action plan and the strategy from offensive to defensive can be sent by who? (Deleted)

Answer 227

Only the IC

(SMIT: incident communications)

Question 228

According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?

Answer 228

The building owner or occupier

(STP-11B)

Question 229

According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?

Answer 229

• inward adze roll
• fork drive
• outward adze roll (drive and steer)

(SMIT: door entry)

Question 230

According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?

Answer 230

1. Size up
2. Gap
3. Set
4. Force
5. Control

(SMIT: door entry)

Question 231

According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?

Answer 231

Fire attack crew never ignores a casualty

(SMIT: search and rescue during firefighting operations)

Question 232

According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?

Answer 232

• the PRIMARY SEARCH a rapid and systematic search carried out simultaneously with fire attack
• the SECONDARY SEARCH a more thorough and methodical search to confirm casualties have not been missed. Often conducted once fire control has been achieved

(SMIT: Search and rescue during firefighting operations)

Question 233

According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.

Answer 233

Withdraw - the firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner

Abandon - there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety.

(SOG 1 GSD)

Question 234

As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?

Answer 234

• worsening fire/smoke conditions
• signs of structural collapse
• previously unknown hazards (acetylene)
• emergency radio message signaling loss of PAR, change to a defensive strategy via an order from the IC to withdraw or abandon

(SMIT: Search and rescue during firefighting operations)

Question 235

According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?

Answer 235

Around the side of the body of the front firefighter and NOT over the shoulder

(Safety Bulletin 2023-03)

Question 236

According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?

Answer 236

It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic

(SMIT: safe work on roads)

Question 237

According to the SIMS worksheet - Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.

Answer 237

• Eflare or strobe kit
• the ‘Hazard Ahead’ sign
• barrier and hazmat Hot Zone tape
• witch’s hats
• breakdown road triangles

(SIMS: warning gear)

Question 238

According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?

Answer 238

By a competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly (AS 1851)

(SIMS: extinguishers)

Question 239

According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?

Answer 239

Mayday drag

(STP-14B)

Question 240

According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?

Answer 240

• Observe the patient until the ambulance arrives
• assume an unconscious patient wants assistance
• if a patient previously refusing treatment loses consciousness, treat them

(SOG 12.1)

Question 241

According to SOGs - To ensure the safety of crews working on roads, list the actions that should be taken when positioning the vehicle and defining the workspace. (Deleted)

Answer 241

• place and orient the advanced warning sign on the footpath where it is clearly visible to road users at a distance twice the prescribed speed limit in metres from the start of the work area to a maximum of 140m, or at the next intersection
• position the vehicle safely and turn on the vehicles emergency beacons and hazard warning lights to warn approaching traffic
• ensure that a line of traffic cones is placed from the warning sign to the vehicle, spaced evenly to provide a safe work area
• if necessary, appoint spotters to monitor traffic

(SOG 13.2)

Question 242

According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always
wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways.
List the PPE that can be used.

Answer 242

• structural firefighting coat
• multi-purpose coat
• high visibility vest
• high visibility raincoat
• structural firefighting trousers
• duty wear trousers

(recommended practice: personal protective clothing, equipment and uniform)

Question 243

According to SOGs - Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.

Answer 243

• position the landing site in an area 30m x 30m minimum, on solid, level ground away from powerlines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstacles
• mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry. DO NOT use tape or loose materials
• clear all loose debris from the area and secure all FRNSW equipment near the landing site
• in dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require wetting down to maintain visibility during landing and take-off
• during night landings, place a strobe light and two vehicles with beacons flashing facing into the wind and facing inwards at 45deg to the approach line with their headlights on

(SOG 15.2)

Question 244

According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?

Answer 244

The senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire

(SOG 11)

Question 245

According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.

Answer 245

• max number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is 2
• a firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder
• maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 meters the head of the ladder extends up the wall the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall.
• firefighters climbing the ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder.

(Fire extension ladder RecPrac)

Question 246

According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?

Answer 246

At all emergency incidents and training exercises involving
- strenuous physical activity,
- long duration activities,
- or severe environmental conditions.

Level 1 - small incidents using equipment carried on fire appliances, managed by the IC

Level 2 - conditions that require specialist incident ground rehab capabilities, managed by an appointed rehab officer

(SOG 18.3)

Question 247

According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?

Answer 247

Training
Doctrine - policy and procedures

(SOG 1.9 GSD)

Question 248

According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?

Answer 248

Task level (individual)
Tactical level (commanders)
Strategic level (IC)

(SOG1.9)

Question 249

Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).

Answer 249

The STEL is the maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15minutes, 4 times over an 8 hour day, with 60 minutes between exposures

Question 250

According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?

Answer 250

Incident safety worksheet
(SOG 1.9 GSD)