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Kin 100 > 27 28 > Flashcards

27 28 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the plantar aponeurosis do

A

acs as a supericial ligament and helps support the lingitudinal arch of the foot

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2
Q

musscles in the 1st layer of the foot and their innervations

A

abductor hallucis
- medial plantar nerve

flexor digitorum brevis
- medial plantar nerve

abductor digiti minimi
- lateral plantar nerve

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3
Q

muscles of the 2nd layer of the foot innervaton and action

A

quadratus plantae
- lateral plantar nerve
- realigns the pull of flexer digitorum longus tendon

Lumbricals
originate from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus
insert into the extensor expansions of digits 2-5
medial 1: medial plantr nerve
lateral 3: lateral plantar nerve
flex proximal phalanges while extending middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

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4
Q

muscles of the 3rd layer of the foot and inervations

A

flexor hallucis brevis
- medial plantar nerve
adductor hallucis
- lateral plantar nerve
flexor digiti minimi brevis
- lateral plantar nerve

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5
Q

muscles of the 4th layer of the foot

A

4 dorsal interossie
3 plantar interossie

2nd digit represents the midline in the foot

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6
Q

dorsal interossie of foot

A

4th layer

1-4 medial to lateral

proximal attachment: adjacent sides of all 5 metatarsals
distal attachemt: extensor expansions of digits 2,3, and 4
innervation: lateral plantar nerve
actions:
- abduction of digits 2,3,and 4
- flec metacarpophalangeal joints

2nd digit can medially abduct and laterally abduct

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7
Q

plantar interossie

A

3 plantar intersooie 1-3 medial to lateral

proximal attachement: medial sides of metavarpals 3,4 and 5

distal attachment: medial sides of proximal phalanges 3,4, and 5

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

actions:

Adduction of digits 3,4,5 (note that the second difit cannot adduct
flex metacarpophalangeal joints

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8
Q

dorsum of the foot

A

extensor hallucis brevis - deep fibular nerve

extensor digiorum brevis - deep finular nerve

supleid by the nerve rom he anterior compartment of the leg

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9
Q

what are the major nerves supplying muscles of the sole od the foot, how they come

A

tibial nerve passes behind the medial malleolus and devides into
- medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve

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10
Q

areries of the foot and how hey come

A

posterior tibial artery passes behind the medial malleolus and divides into

  • medial plantar artery
  • lateral plantar artery
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11
Q

what mininges, what its function, what its layers

A

cranial meninges are coverings of the brain that lie just within the skull meninges function to:
- protecting the brain
- provide a framework for arteries and viens
- contain a layer of cerebrospinal fluid

there are 3 layers
- dura mater
- archnoid mater
- pia mater

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12
Q

where is the subarachnoid space found

A

between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater and contains cerebrospinal fluid

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13
Q

what are the two layers of the dura mater and where they located

A

periosteal layer close to the bone and a meningeal layer close to the arachnoid mater

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14
Q

what are thte dural foldings

A

flax cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
flax cerebelli

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15
Q

what does the flax cerebri do

A

partially separates the left and right hemispheres of the brain

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16
Q

what does the tentorium cerebelli do

A

seperates he occipital love brom the berebellum

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17
Q

flax cerebelli

A

partially seperates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebellum

18
Q

how dural venous sinus formed and what it do

A

the fural layer separate and create channels called dural venous sinuses that act like veins

19
Q

superior sagital sinus

A

located along the superior border of the flax cerebri

20
Q

inferior sagittal sines

A

located along the inferior edge of the flax cerebri

21
Q

straight sinus

A

located where the flax cerebri meets the tentorium cerebelli

22
Q

transverse sinuses l

A

located along the posterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli

become sigmoid sinuses which drain into the internal jugular veins

23
Q

ventricles

A

large spaces found deep within the brain

24
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in these spaces

A

is produced in ventricles and flows through them to reach the subarachnoid space

function to:
- support the brain
- absorb shock
- aid with waste disposal

25
Q

circle of willlis

A

blood suply to the brain

26
Q

blood supply to the brain comes from 2 pairs of arteries

A
  • internal carotid arteries that arise from the common carotid arteries
  • vertebral arteries that arise from the subclavian arteries
27
Q

where does the vertebral arteries pass through

A

superiorly through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae

28
Q

what is the brain composed of

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diensephalon, and brainstem

29
Q

what does the cerebrum consist of

A

left and right hemisphere that are incompleetely separeted from one another

30
Q

what does each hemisphere consisst of

A

a number of lobes

31
Q

how does the brain increase surface area

A

has folds called gyri and valleys called sulci that increase surface area,

32
Q

the central sulcus devides

A

the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

33
Q

the lateral sulcus devides the

A

temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

34
Q

the parieto-occipital sulcus divides the

A

pareital lobe from the occipital lobe but can only be seen on the misagital view of the braon

35
Q

what is the diensephalon consist of

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

36
Q

3 parts of the brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblangata

37
Q

how is the spinal cord formed

A

as the medulla oblangata passes through the formaen magnum of the skull it becomes the spinal cord

38
Q

where does the spinal cord tapers

A

descends until the L1/L2 verteral level

39
Q

how mainy pairs of spinal nerves exit through the interverebral foramina

A

31

40
Q

what is the collection of spinal nerves below the L1/L2

A

cauda equina

Kin 100 (6 decks)

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