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CompTIA A+ 1101 (Core 1) (In Progress) > 2.7 Compare & contrast internet connection types, network types, & their features > Flashcards

2.7 Compare & contrast internet connection types, network types, & their features Flashcards

1
Q

6 types of Internet connections?

A
  • Satellite
  • Fiber
  • Cable
  • DSL
  • Cellular
  • WISP
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2
Q

Typical uplink bandwidth for satellite internet?

A

6Mbps

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3
Q

Typical downlink bandwidth for satellite internet?

A

30Mbps

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4
Q

1 drawback of satellite internet?

A

Increase latency

The signal travels much farther than terrestrial connections, resulting in significant delays compared to land links.

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5
Q

What is Round Trip Time (RTT)?

A

2-way latency for a probe to be sent & a response to be received

Probe: Data packet sent to measure network charactersitics like latency or packet loss

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6
Q

How is a satellite internet connection created?

A

ISP installs VSAT satellite dish antenna at customer’s premises & aligns it with orbital satellite

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7
Q

Satellite Internet

What cabling is used to connect the satellite to the modem?

satellite internet uses DVB-S modems

A

Coaxial cabling

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8
Q

How does LEO satellite internet differ from regular satellite internet?

LEO = Low Earth Orbit

A

Using satellites positioned in much closer to earth

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9
Q

Typical LEO satellite internet bandwidth?

A

100Mbps

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10
Q

Typical latency of LEO satellite internet?

A

200ms RTT

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11
Q

Downside to LEO satellite internet?

A

Customer’s antenna needs a motor for periodic realignment with satellites

Dish uses phased array tech to connect to passing satellites, reducing realignment.

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12
Q

Meaning of WISP?

A

Wireless ISP

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13
Q

What technology do WISPS use?

A

Ground-based long-range fixed wireless technology

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14
Q

How does a WISP provide internet?

A

Using a directional antenna as a bridge between the customer’s & service provider’s network

WISPS have lower latency than satellite internet

WISPS may use licensed or unlicensed frequency bands

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15
Q

Problem with using unlicensed frequencies?

A

High chance of interference

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16
Q

What occurances affect all types of microwave radio links?

i.e. Point-to-point microwave links, satellite communication links, etc.

A

Snow, rain, & high winds

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17
Q

What does a 3G cellular radio device establish a connection with?

A

Nearest base station

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18
Q

What is a 3G cell?

A

The area covered by a 3G cellular network’s base station

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19
Q

Max range of a 3G cell?

A

5 miles

Signals can be obstructeed by building materials

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20
Q

What frequency bands does 3G cellular radio operate in the Americas?

A

850 & 1,900 MHz

These lower frequency waves don’t need much power to propagate over long distances

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21
Q

What frequency bands does 3G cellular radio operate in the world (besides the Americas)?

A

900 & 1,800 MHz

These lower frequency waves don’t need much power to propagate over long distances

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22
Q

What is LTE?

A

Converged 4G standards supported by GSM & CDMA network providers

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23
Q

What frequency bands does 5G use?

A
  • sub-6 GHz
  • 20-60 GHz
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24
Q

Benefit of low RF bands?

i.e. sub-6GHz (5G frequency band)

A

Greater range & penetration power than medium/high RF bands

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25
Q

Drawback to medium/high RF bands?

A

Require close range & cannot penetrate walls or windows

(range is about a few hundred feet)

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26
Q

Why does 5G involve installing many smaller antennas?

A

To utilize multipath & beamforming for better spectrum propagation

This technology is referred to as MIMO

this means using multiple paths and adjusting the direction of signals to improve how signals travels

27
Q

What technology does 5G use?

A

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)

28
Q

What is a LAN?

A

Group of computers connected by cables & network switches at one location

A LAN might span a single floor in a building, a whole building, or multiple nearby buildings. LAN cabling & devices are typically owned & managed by the organization that uses the network

29
Q

How long can a node be to be considered “local” (LAN)?

A

Up to about 1 mile (1 or 2 km)

30
Q

Meaning of IEEE?

A

Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

31
Q

What standards are most cabled LANs based on?

A

802.3 Ethernet standards

32
Q

What designation scheme do IEEE 802.3 standards use?

A

xBASE-Y

33
Q

What does x in xBASE-Y mean?

A

Nominal data rate

34
Q

What does Y in xBASE-Y mean?

A

Cable type

35
Q

What does 100BASE-T mean?

(Ethernet designation scheme)

A

Fast Ethernet over copper twisted pair cabling

Fast Ethernet = 100Mbps

36
Q

How fast is Fast Ethernet?

A

100 Mbps

37
Q

What does 1000BASE-T mean?

(Ethernet designation scheme)

A

Gigabit Ethernet over copper twisted pair cabling

38
Q

How fast is Gigabit Ethernet?

A

1000 Mbps (1 Gbps)

39
Q

What does 10GBASE-T mean?

(Ethernet designation scheme)

A

Copper cabling working at 10 Gbps

40
Q

Which 802.3 Ethernet designation scheme is mainstream for wired LANs?

A

1000BASE-T

41
Q

2 types of cabling used in Ethernet?

A
  • Copper
  • Fiber optic
42
Q

How does copper differ from fiber optic?

A

Using electrical signaling to communicate data

43
Q

How does Fiber optic differ from Copper?

A

Using pulses of light to communicate data

44
Q

How do WLANs work?

WLAN = Wireless LAN

A

Using radios & antennas for data transmission

Wi-Fi (802.11) & Ethernet technologies complement one another & are often used together as segments within the same local network

45
Q

What is 802.11 aka?

A

Wi-Fi

46
Q

Meaning of WAN?

A

Wide Area Network

47
Q

Meaning of LAN?

A

Local Area Network

48
Q

How far does a WAN span?

A

Multiple geographic locations

i.e. the Internet (A network of networks).

49
Q

What cabling do most private/enterprise WANs use?

A

Cabling leased from an ISP to connect LANs

i.e. a company might use a WAN to connect branch office sites to the LAN at its head office

50
Q

Meaning of SOHO?

A

Small Office Home Office

51
Q

What is a SOHO LAN?

A

Business network usually relying on a network appliance for LAN & internet connectivity

Nework may be using a centralized server, client devices, & printers

The network appliance is often referred to as SOHO router, Internet Router, or Broadband Router

52
Q

What is a “server room”?

A

Area where server computers are hosted

53
Q

What is a datacenter?

A

Whole site that is dedicated to provisioning server resources

54
Q

How do datacenters differ from “server rooms”?

A

By having networking, power, climate control, & physical access control features

55
Q

Meaning of SAN?

A

Storage Area Network

56
Q

Where is a SAN located?

A

Within an enterprise LAN or datacenter

57
Q

purpose of SANs?

A

Provide access to a pool of storage devices for application servers

58
Q

What devices only access SANs?

A

Servers

Not by client PCs/laptops

A SAN is isolated from the main network

59
Q

What kind of devices are SAN clients?

Meaning the devices that are in a SAN

A

Servers running databases or applications

60
Q

What is a SAN more flexibe & reliable than?

A

Using local disks on each server machine

61
Q

2 types of connectivity used by SANs?

A
  • Fiber Channel
  • Internet SCSI (iSCSI)
62
Q

Meaning of PAN?

A

Personal Area Network

63
Q

What is a PAN?

A

Network to connect devices within a few meters

A PAN facilitates data sharing among PCs, mobile devices, and wearables such as smartwatches. It connects these devices to peripherals like printers, headsets, and displays.

CompTIA A+ 1101 (Core 1) (In Progress) (20 decks)

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