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SALMAN HARRISON'S > 281 - Asthma > Flashcards

281 - Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma is an __ disease.

A

obstructive

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2
Q

As developed countries become more ___, the number of asthma cases increases .

A

urban

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3
Q

The increase in __ disease is correlated with the increase in asthma.

A

allergic

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4
Q

The prevalence of __ and other allergic diseases has also increased over the same time, suggesting that the reasons for the increase are likely to be __ rather than confined to the lungs.

A

atopy

systemic

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5
Q

Asthma can appear at any age, but peaks at __, more in __ (in adults there is not difference between sexes).

A

3

boys

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6
Q

As the patients gets older, they become less __, but reverts at an __ age.

A

symptomatic

elder

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for mortality due to asthma?

A

uncontrolled with frequent use in bronchodilators
low compliance to ICS treatment
previous admission due to severe asthma

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8
Q

The main risk factor for asthma is ___.

A

atopy

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9
Q

__ infections (__) are common triggers for asthma __.

A

viral
RSV
exacerbation

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10
Q

Living with __ and __ are risk factors for asthma, removing them can improve the clinical symptoms.

A

mold

moisture

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11
Q

Low ___ diet were found to increase the risk for asthma.

A

antioxidant

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12
Q

Low vitamin __ intake is a risk factor for asthma.

A

D

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13
Q

__, mostly in __, is a risk factor for asthma.

A

obesity

women

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14
Q

Air __ (diesel/NO2) is a risk factor for asthma.

A

pollution

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15
Q

Suspect occupational exposure when symptoms improve during the __ and __.

A

weekends

holidays

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16
Q

Name 5 other risk factors for asthma:

A

SGA
young maternal age
duration of breast feeding
paracetamol intake at a young age

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17
Q

Non-atopic/intrinsic asthma will have negative __ test for common inhalant __, and normal __.

A

skin
allergens
IgE

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18
Q

Intrinsic asthma is more common in __ patients with nasal __ and __ sensitivity.

A

older
polyps
aspirin

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19
Q

Intrinsic asthma tend to have more __ symptoms .

A

severe

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20
Q

B blockers can be __ for asthma patients.

A

dangerous

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21
Q

Physical activity is a common __, mostly in __.

A

trigger

children

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22
Q

EIA=__

A

Exercise-induced asthma

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23
Q

EIA usually starts after the exercise is __, and relived __ minutes after.

A

over

30

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24
Q

__ and __ air is a trigger for asthma.

A

cold

dry

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25
Q

How can you prevent EIA?

A

take Beta 2 agonist before exercise

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26
Q

Laughing is a __ for __.

A

trigger

asthma

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27
Q

Clinical deterioration can occur in women approaching their monthly __.

A

menses

28
Q

__toxicosis and hypo__ can trigger asthma,

A

thyro

thyrodism

29
Q

Mental __ can also worsen asthma.

A

stress

30
Q

AHR-___

A

Airway Hyperresponsiveness

31
Q

The typical symptoms in asthma: 3

A

wheezing
dyspnea
cough

32
Q

Symptoms increase during the __, causing patients to __ early.

A

night

wakeup

33
Q

Prodromal symptoms can start with an itching sensation below the __, discomfort sensation between the ___.

A

chin

scapula

34
Q

Which pulmonary function test are decreased in asthma?

A

PEF
FEV1/FVC
FEV1

35
Q

After SABA/ 2-4 weeks of OCS __ should improve by __% and 200 mL.

A

FEV1
12
200

36
Q

What are the two treatment categories for asthma?

A

bronchodilators

controllers

37
Q

Bronchodilators give __ relief to symptoms, but does not effect the __ process itself.

A

quick

inflammatory

38
Q

What are the 3 categories of bronchodilators?

A

Beta 2 agonist
anticholinergic
theophylline

39
Q

Beta 2 agonist is the most __ bronchodilator.

A

useful

40
Q

SABA (__/__) are active for - hours. They are good __ and for __.

A

albuterol/terbutaline
3-6
reliver
EIA

41
Q

LABA (__/__) are active for >_ hours, Since they do not affect the __, give together with __.

A

salmeterol/formoterol
12
inflammation
ICS

42
Q

Mention 3 common S/E for Beta 2 agonists:

A

tremor
palpitation
hypokalemia

43
Q

In prolonged Beta 2 agonists use- __ will develop.

A

tolerance

44
Q

LAMA-__

A

long acting muscarinic antagonists

45
Q

ICS is the best __ therapy for asthma.

A

control

46
Q

ICS reduce __

A

AHR (Airway Hyperresponsiveness)

47
Q

ICS is the __ line of treatment. If uncontrolled- add __.

A

first

LABA

48
Q

In acute severe asthma use __ .

A

IV OCS

49
Q

PEF=__

A

Peak expiratory flow

50
Q

Using a reliever for > __/week is a testimony for using __.

A

2

controller

51
Q

In patients with mild intermittent asthma- __ could be sufficient treatment

A

SABA

52
Q

If controllers are required- use __ per day. If symptoms are relieved after 3 months, consider __ the dosage.

A

twice

decreasing

53
Q

If after 3 months with ICS the symptoms are still uncontrolled- add __.

A

LABA

54
Q

If symptoms are still uncontrolled (ICS+LABA), increase __ dosage.

A

ICS

55
Q

If symptoms are still uncontrolled (maximal ICS+LABA), add __.

A

OCS

56
Q

Name 3 clinical signs of acute severe asthma which do not improve under treatment:

A

chest discomfort
wheezing
dyspnea

57
Q

In acute severe asthma patients will struggle to finish __, and may appear __.

A

sentences

cyanotic

58
Q

When examining acute severe asthma patients may be suffering from hyper-__ and __

A

inflation

tachycardia

59
Q

The ABG of patients with acute severe asthma will show- __ and decreased __ (due to hyperventilation).

A

hypoxemia

CO2

60
Q

Acute severe asthma with normal/elevated PCO2 is an indication for an immanent ___ and requires ___ treatment, such as ___.

A

respiratory failure
immediate
prophylactic intubation

61
Q

Acute severe asthma should be treated with high dose __, reaching > _% and ___.

A

oxygen
90
SABA

62
Q

In severely ill acute asthma patients add ___. If there is not reaction- add __ inhaler.

A

IV beta 2 agonist

anticholinergic

63
Q

If acute severe asthma patients do not respond to inhaler treatment- add slow drip of __.

A

aminophylline

64
Q

__ sulfate is useful when added together with __.

A

magnesium

beta 2 agonist

65
Q

Patients with COPD and asthma should be treated with triple treatment:

A

ICS + LABA + LAMA

SALMAN HARRISON'S (163 decks)

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