Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenovirus

A

Very common cause of Rhinitis (common cold) or bronchitis

DNA group I

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2
Q

Most common cause of Rhinitis?

A

Rhinovirus #1
Adenovirus
Coronavirus

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3
Q

Rhinovirus

A
Most common cause of rhinitis (common cold) or bronchitis
-RNA class IV
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4
Q

Coronavirus

A
Common cause of Rhintitis
-RNA class IV
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5
Q

Most common cause of sinusitis?

A

Viral but predisposes pts for bacterial - then Strep pneumoniae or H influenza
Failed Abx Aspergillus fumigatus

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6
Q

Strep Pneumonae

A
Common cause of bacterial sinusitis. 
Most common cause of Pneumonia*** 
Gram positive cocci
Catalase neg
Alpha hemolytic
Bile Esculin neg
Optochin susceptable
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7
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae

A

Common cause of bacterial sinusitis.

Gram Neg

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8
Q

Streptococcus Pyogenes. Common infections. Virulence factors. Tests.

A

Most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis
Gram Pos cocci
Catalase Neg (will NOT bubble with H2O2 like Staph)
Peroxidase Pos
Beta hemolytic
Bacitracin sensitive
Can progress to Rheumatic fever or glomerularnephritis
Virulence: M protein, FNBP, hyaluronic acid prevents phagocytosis, to invade: protease and hyaluronidase)
Test: rapid antigen used clinically*, can send to culture which is more accurate but takes a couple days.

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9
Q

Strep Pyogenes if infected by bacteriophage?

A

Scarlet Fever
Lysogenized bacteriophage has genes that encode super antigen toxins**
Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins: SpeA, SpeB, SpeC and Spe F.
“strawberry tongue”

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10
Q

Corynebacterium Diptheriae.

A

Bacteria that causes Diptheria
secretes A-B exotoxin (B part is binding, A part inhibits EF2 which is required for translation - cell dies)
Treat with antibiotic and anti-toxin
Gram Pos Bacilli*
Grows on potassium tellurite culture and will turn BLACK (elemental tellurium)

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11
Q

Most common causes of Croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus is most common

Influenza virus and RSV during winter and early spring.

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12
Q

Parainfluenza Virus

A
Most common cause of Croup or bronchitis in children**
RNA class V
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13
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A

Most common cause of BRONCHIOLITIS in infants less than one year***
A cause of Croup during winter and early spring.
RNA Class V
F proteins on surfae of virus cause cell membranes to FUSE causing Giant multinucleate cells in lungs of children infected with RSV

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14
Q

Influenza Virus

A

A cause of Croup in children in winter or early spring
RNA Class V
SEGMENTED
Influenza A,B,C
8 pieces of single stranded RNA - very high rates of mutation*** (RNA polymerase do not have a self check mechanism so many random mutations ensue) (antigenic drift)
The segmented portions can swap between strains of same virus if single cell is infected with both strains (antigenic shift)
Binds to host neurimidase with VIRAL neurimidase receptor - host usually mounts immune response to neurimidase receptor which is a problem because it can mutate very easily

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15
Q

Bordetella Pertussis

A

Causes Pertussis
Gram Neg Coccobacilli
Grows on Bordet-Gengou Agar
Has Pertussis AB toxin that is toxic to cilia in resperatory tract

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16
Q

Streptococcus Viridans

A

Gram Pos Cocci

Catalase Neg

17
Q

Klebsiellae Pneumonae

A

Common cause of pneumonia in elderly adults
“Current Jelly” Sputum
Gram Neg

18
Q

Staphlacoccus Aureus

A

Gram Pos Cocci
Catalase Pos
Coagulase Pos

19
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

A

Can cause bronchitis or atypical pneumoniae

it is ACID FAST - no cell wall so does not gram stain

20
Q

Chlamydia Pneumoniae

A

Cause of atypical pneumoniae

Intracellular - will not gram stain

21
Q

Legionella

A

Cause of atypical pneumoniae

22
Q

Mycobacterium Tuburculosis

A

Obligate Aerobe
Acid fast Rod
Transmitted by aerosolized respiratory droplet

23
Q

Patient with COPD, what are most common causes of bronchitis?

If patient did not have COPD? (bacterial causes)

A

H. Influenza
Moraxella catharralis

Mycoplasma pneumonae
Chlamidia pneumonae in normal healthy patients if bacterial

24
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in neonates (birth - 6 weeks)?

A
Strep Agalatiae (group B)
Escherichia Coli
25
Q

Strep Agalactiae

A

Common cause of pneumonia in neonates

Group B strep

26
Q

Escheriachia Coli

A

Most common cause of pneumoniae in neonates

Gram Neg

27
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in Children?

A

Virus (RSV)
Mycoplasma pneumo
Chlamydia Pneumo
Strep Pneumo

28
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in Adults?

A

Mycoplasma pneumo
Chlamydia Pneumo
Strep Pneumo

29
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia inElderly (over 65)?

A
Strep Pneumo
Viruses
Anaerobic bacteria
Hamemophilus influenza
Gram Neg rods
30
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in immunocompramized?

A
Gram Neg rods
Strep pneumo
Fungi
Filamentous bacteria
Pnemocystis Jiriveci
Viral
31
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in aspiration pneumonia?

A

Anaerobes

32
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics?

A

Strep Pneumo
Klebsiella pnemo
Anaerobes

33
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in IV drug use?

A

Staph Aureus

34
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in post viral secondary infection?

A

Staph Aureus

35
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in chronic steroid use?

A

Nocardia spp.