2_Nutrient Management

Question 1

What are the three major classes of nutrients that animal cells require

Answer 1

Answer

Question 2

What is the most important hormone involved in managing short-term fluctuations of nutrient availability

Answer 2

Answer

Question 3

What two hormones are particularly important in nutrient metabolism

Answer 3

A:

Question 4

What factors cause beta cells in the pancreas (within the islets of Langerhans) to increase their secretion of insulin?

Answer 4

A

Question 5

What happens to the glucose, fatty acids, amino acids circulating in the blood when insulin binds to its receptors

Answer 5

A

Question 6

What is the effect of insulin on energy storage – is it increased or decreased?

Answer 6

A

Question 7

What energy storage molecule is produced from glucose alone?

Answer 7

A

Question 8

What energy storage molecule may be produced from glucose OR fatty acids?

Answer 8

A

Question 9

What energy storage molecule may be produced from amino acids?

Answer 9

A

Question 10

In what way does insulin affect the enzymes that break down energy storage molecules?

Answer 10

A

Question 11

As digestion comes to an end, what happens to amount of circulating insulin?

Answer 11

A

Question 12

What is the relationship between the amount of circulating insulin and breakdown of glycogen and lipids?

Answer 12

A

Question 13

According to figure 16.15, panel (A), what happens to the amount of circulating insulin in response to a high-carbohydrate meal?

Answer 13

A

Question 14

What is the name of the hormone secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas?

Answer 14

A

Question 15

What are the main stimuli that cause release of glucagon into the blood?

Answer 15

A

Question 16

What is the main effect of glucagon?

Answer 16

A

Question 17

Glucagon stimulates liver cells to break down a molecule. What molecule? What is the name of this process?
After this breakdown process occurs, something is released into the blood. What is released into the blood?

Answer 17

A

Question 18

What effect does glucagon have on the metabolism of fats?

After this effect occurs, what is released into the blood?

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Define gluconeogenesis

Answer 19

A

Question 20

In which organ does gluconeogenesis occur? What hormone stimulates this process?

Answer 20

A

Question 21

As blood glucose levels rise, what happens to glucagon secretion into the blood?

Answer 21

A

Question 22

If glucose and fatty acids levels in the blood are low, what hormone is secreted?

Answer 22

A

Question 23

See Figure 16.15 on page 447 – After a high-carbohydrate meal (the fed state), blood insulin levels rise/fall (choose one), and blood glucagon levels rise/fall (choose one).

Answer 23

A

Question 24

In between meals (the fasting state), insulin levels rise/fall (choose one), and blood glucagon levels rise/fall (choose one).

Answer 24

A