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Pathology - Cardiology > 3 - Hemostasis > Flashcards

3 - Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

this binds thrombin to activate protein C; what does it require?

A

thrombomodulin; protein S

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2
Q

thrombomodulin inactivates these parts of coag cascade

A

Va and VIIIa

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3
Q

vasodilators produced by endothelial cells

A

prostacyclin and NO

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4
Q

prothrombotic properties of endothelial cells

A

von willebrand factor, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitors

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5
Q

important stimulators of platelet aggregation

A

ADP, TxA2, thrombin

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6
Q

this inactivates thrombin

A

heparin

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7
Q

this inactivates TxA2 (produced by platelets)

A

aspirin

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8
Q

granule contents that are secreted by activated platelets

A

ADP, fibrinogen, Ca

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9
Q

this stabilizes and anchors platelet plug

A

fibrin

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10
Q

this coag cascade forms activated factor VII

A

extrinsic

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11
Q

this coag cascade forms activates factor IX

A

intrinsic

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12
Q

these activated X in common pathway (coag cascade)

A

VIIa and IXa

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13
Q

these activated II (prothrombin) in coag cascade

A

Xa and V

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14
Q

this is activated by thrombin in common coag pathway

A

fibrinogen (to form fibrin)

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15
Q

this cross-links fibrin

A

XIII

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16
Q

these inhibit coagulation cascade

A

thrombomodulin/Factor C, TFPI, antithrombin

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17
Q

these co-factors are activated by thrombin

A

VIII and V

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18
Q

this activates factor XIII (which cross-links fibrin)

A

thrombin

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19
Q

thrombin binds to thrombomodulin to activate this –> inhibits further thrombin synthesis

A

protein C

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20
Q

this degrades fibrin to fibrin degradation products (which are measured in DIC)

A

plasmin

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21
Q

this inhibits activation of plasminogen to form plasmin

A

PAI-1

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22
Q

these inactivate Va and VIIIa co-factors (natural anticoagulants)

A

protein C and S

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23
Q

these are inactivated by protein C and S (natural anticoags)

A

Va and VIIIa

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24
Q

tissue factor pathway inhibitor inactivates these factors

A

Xa and tissue factor-VIIa

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25
Q

this inhibits fibrin polymerization (fibrinolysis –> natural anticoag)

A

plasmin

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26
Q

antithrombins (natural anticoags) inhibit these

A

thrombin and serine proteases

27
Q

this therapeutic anticoag inhibits binding ADP to low-affinity platelet receptor –> blocks activation to GpIIb/IIIa

A

clopidogrel (Plavix)

28
Q

what does heparin activate? what does this then block?

A

antithrombin III; thrombin and X activation

29
Q

what does coumadin/warfarin prevent?

A

carboxylation II, VII, IX, X

30
Q

what does fondaparinux inhibit?

A

X

31
Q

competitive, direct thrombin inhibitor that does not require monthly blood test

A

pradaxa

32
Q

in hemostasis/coag…these have antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic effects when intact

A

EC

33
Q

what does the membrane associated heparin-like molecule in EC interact with to inactivate thrombin?

A

antithrombin III

34
Q

what is inactivated when EC interact with antithrombin III?

A

thrombin

35
Q

this binds thrombin to activated protein C; what is required for this action?

A

thrombomodulin; protein S

36
Q

what is inactivated by thrombomodulin?

A

Va and VIIIa

37
Q

mechanisms for antiplatelet effects of endothelial cells

A

covers underlying ECM, vasodilator production, adenosine diphosphatase

38
Q

what do EC synthesize to cause fibrinolytic effects?

A

tissue-type plasminogen activator

39
Q

EC promote this with their tissue-type plasminogen activator

A

fibrinolysis

40
Q

mechanisms for anticoagulant effects of endothelial cells

A

heparin-like molecule (membrane associated), thrombomodulin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor

41
Q

this occurs as a result of activation of platelets and overcoming of the anti-thrombotic effects of the endothelium

A

platelet plug

42
Q

endothelial cells exhibit prothrombotic properties by synthesis/secretion of these (after injury/activation)

A

VonWillebrand factor, tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitors

43
Q

this is responsible for binding of platelets to ECM (released from EC)

A

vonwillebrand factor

44
Q

these aid in formation of tissue factor in injured/activated EC

A

bacterial endotoxin, Il-1, TNF

45
Q

this stabilizes the platelet plug formation

A

fibrin

46
Q

what do platelets bind to with the help of VWF bridging

A

collagen

47
Q

what is VWF stored in in EC

A

Weibel-Palade bodies

48
Q

receptor for VWF bridging collagen to platelet

A

gpIb

49
Q

what is deficient in Bernard-Soulier syndrome?

A

gpIb

50
Q

this is required for platelet activation/secretion

A

Ca

51
Q

what do alpha granules express on their membranes?

A

P-selectin

52
Q

what are present in alpha granules?

A

fibrinogen, fibronectin, V and VIII, platelet factor 4, B thromboglobulin, PDGF, TGF-B

53
Q

in activation of platelet…these contain ADP/ATP, ionized Ca, histamine/serotonin, and epinephrine

A

dense bodies

54
Q

these are stimulators of platelet aggregation

A

ADP, TxA2, thrombin

55
Q

this is produced by platelets -> platelet aggregation adn vasoconstriction

A

TxA2

56
Q

receptor for fibrinogen binding to platelets

A

GpIIb-IIIa

57
Q

once this occurs, platelet aggregation becomes irrversible and secondary hemostatic plug forms

A

contraction of platelets

58
Q

receptor for fibrin on platelets –> stabilizes platelet plug

A

GpIIb/IIIa

59
Q

this cleaves fibrinogen (end result coagulation cascade)

A

thrombin

60
Q

these are trapped in platelet plug -> causes local inflammatory reaction

A

RBC and leukocytes

61
Q

plasmin produces these in platelet plug formation -> causes further chemotaxis of neutrophils

A

fibrin split products

62
Q

fibrin split products cause chemotaxis of these

A

PMNs

63
Q

these are present in dense bodies in platelets (released after activation)

A

ADP/ATP, ionized Ca, histamine/serotonin, epinephrine

Pathology - Cardiology (8 decks)

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