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Phase 1 - Anatomy > 31 - Anterrior + Medial Compartments Of Thigh > Flashcards

31 - Anterrior + Medial Compartments Of Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Compartments of the thigh

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

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2
Q

Compartments of the leg

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

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3
Q

Compartments of the foot

A

Plantar
Dorsum

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4
Q

Hip joint
- movement
- type
- articulation
- mobility

A

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Circumduction

Synovial ball and socket joint
Head of femur with acetabulum of hip
Very stable
Not as mobile as shoulder

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5
Q

Knee joint

  • movement
  • type
  • articulation
A

Extension
Flexion

Synovial hinge joint
Distal femur with with tibia

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6
Q

Ankle joint

  • movement
  • type
  • articulation
A

Flexion
Extension

Synovial hinge joint
Distal tibia and fibula with talus

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7
Q

Bones of the hip joint?
Where do they fuse?

A

3 bones - ilium, ischium, pubic
Fuse at acetabulum

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8
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

Point where hip bones fuse
Forms socket of hip joint

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9
Q

How do the hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly - pubic symphysis
Posteriorly - sacroiliac joints

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10
Q

Obturator foramen

A

Hole formed by the inferior and superior pubic rami
Covered by obturator membrane and muscles - only a small hole for vessels and nerve to ass through - obturator canal

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11
Q

Obturator canal description

A

Small hole in the closed over oburator foramen
Allows vessels and nerves to pass through

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12
Q

Iliac crest description

A

Most superior part of the the iliac

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13
Q

What is the pubic bone divided into?

A

Superior and inferior pubic rami

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14
Q

What is the pubic symphysis composed of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What are the parts of the femur bone?

A

Head
Neck
Shaft
Greater and lesser trochanters
Intertrochanteric line
Intertrochanter crest
Trochanteric fossa
Linea aspera
Medial and lateral femoral condyles
Intercondular fossa
Adductor tubercle

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16
Q

Greater and lesser trochanters description

A

Tubercle that act as muscle attachment sites
Distal to neck
Greater - lateral side
Lesser - medial side

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17
Q

Intertrochantic line description

A

Line joining greater and lesser trochanter
Anterior surface

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18
Q

Trochanteric fossa description

A

Fossa on medial aspect of the greater trochanter

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19
Q

Linea aspera description

A

Bone vertical ridge on shaft - muscle attachment site
Posterior aspect of femur

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20
Q

Medial and lateral femoral condyles description

A

Distal femur expands
Articulate with proximal tibia

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21
Q

Adductor tubercle description

A

Just superior to medial femoral condyles

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22
Q

Patella location

A

Anterior to knee joint

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23
Q

Movements caused by each thigh compartment on hip joint

A

All act on hip joint
Anterior - flex
Medial - adduct
Posterior - extend

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24
Q

Movements caused by leg compartments

A

Anterior - extend knee
Posterior - flex knee

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25
Q

What separates the thigh into compartments?

A

Intermuscular septa
From fascia lata to linea aspera

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26
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment
- number
- names
- innervation
- movement of knee

A

7 muscles
- quadriceps femoris - 4 muscles
- sartorius
- iliopsoas
- pecineus

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Primary extensor of knee

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27
Q

How many muscles in the anterior compartment of thigh

A

7

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28
Q

Names of muscles in anterior compartment of thigh

A

Quadriceps femoris - 4 muscles
Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Pectineus

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29
Q

Femoral nerve spinal roots

A

L2 - L4

30
Q

Quadriceps femoris
- description
- names
- movements
- insertion

A

4 muscles
- rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius

Primary extensor of knee
Converge into quadriceps tendon - passes over patella
Then attach onto tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

31
Q

Rectus femoris
- location
- attachments

A

Midline of anterior compartment
Origin - anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Contributes to flexion of hip

32
Q

Vastus lateralis
- location
- attachment

A

Lateral to rectus femoris
Origin - linea aspera on posterior aspect of femoral shaft

33
Q

Vastus medialis

  • location
  • attachment
A

Medial to rectus femoris
Origin - linea aspera on posterior aspect of femoral shaft

34
Q

Vastus intermedius

  • location
  • attachment
A

Deep to rectus femoris
Origin - anterior femoral shaft

35
Q

Quadriceps tendon description

A

Convergence of 4 quadriceps muscle into a tendon
Passes over patella
Inserts onto tibial tuberosity

36
Q

Sartorius
- location
- attachments
- movements of hip
- movements of knee

A

Superficial to anterior thigh
Origin - ASIS
Insert - medial aspect of proximal tibia

Hip - laterally rotates, flex
Knee - flex
Not prime mover

37
Q

Iliopsoas
- location
- attachments
- movements

A

Proximal to anterior thigh
Convergence of psoas major and iliacus muscle - common tendon
Insert - lesser Trochanter

-prime flexor of hip

38
Q

Pectineus
- location
- attachments
- movements

A

Proximal to anterior thigh
Medial to iliopsoas

Origin - superior pubic rami
Insert - just distal to lesser trochanter

Hip:
- Adduct
- Flexes

39
Q

Medial thigh compartment
- number
- names of muscles
- movement
- innervation

A

5 muscles
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor Magnus
- gracilis
- obturator externa

Prime adductor
Obturator nerve (L2 - L4)

40
Q

Obturator nerve spinal roots

A

L2 - L4

41
Q

Names of the muscles of medial compartment

A

Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externa

42
Q

Which is deeper, adductor brevis or longus?

A

Adductor brevis

43
Q

Adductor brevis
- location
- attachment

A

Deep to adductor longus
Origin - pubic bone
Insert - linea aspera

44
Q

Adductor longus
- location
- attachment

A

Superifical to adductor brevis
Origin - pubic bone
Insert - linea aspera

45
Q

Location of the obturator nerve in the thigh, relative to the muscles?

A

Between adductor brevis and longus in medial compartment

46
Q

Adductor Magnus
- parts
- attachments
- innervation

A

Adductor part
- origin - inferior pubic rami
- insert - linea aspera
- obturator nerve

Hamstring part
- origin - ischial tiberosity
- insert - adductor tuberosity

47
Q

Adductor part of adductor Magnus
- innervation
- attachment

A
  • origin - inferior pubic rami
  • insert - linea aspera
  • obturator nerve
48
Q

Hamstring parts of adductor Magnus
- attachment

A
  • origin - ischial tiberosity
  • insert - adductor tuberosity
49
Q

Adductor hiatus description
What passes through here?

A

Gap between distal ends of the adductor Magnus parts
- Femoral artery
- femoral vein

50
Q

Gracilis
- location
- attachment
- movement of hip
- movement of knee

A

Most medial muscle

Origin - pubic bone
insert - medial tibia

Hip - adducts, flex
Knee - flex
Not prime mover

51
Q

Obturator externus
- attachment
- movements

A

Origin - obturator membrane
Insert - near greater trochanter

Hip - laterally rotates
Stabilises hip

52
Q

Why is Adduction of the hip important?

A

Ensures normal gait

53
Q

Describe the path of the femoral artery after passing the inguinal canal

A

Branches from external iliac artery
Passes deep to inguinal ligament
Enters proximal anterior thigh
Passes through femoral triangle - superficial and palpable here - gives rise to profundus femoris here
Continues distally
Passes through the adductor hiatus posteriorly and enters popliteal fossa - Becomes popliteal artery

54
Q

What is the femoral artery a branch of?

A

External iliac artery

55
Q

What arteries does the femoral artery give rise to?

A

Profunda femoris - at femoral triangle
Popliteal artery - altering passing adductor hiatus + entering popliteal fossa

56
Q

Describe pathway of obturator artery

A

Branches from internal iliac artery
Runs along lateral wall of pelvis
Passes through obturator canal
Enters medial compartment of thigh
Anastomoses with branches of femoral artery

57
Q

What is the obturator artery a branch of?

A

Internal iliac artery

58
Q

What passes through the obturator canal?

A

Obturator artery, vein, nerve

59
Q

Location of the femoral artery/vein/nerve relative to inguinal ligament?

A

Deep to ligament
Vein - medial (closest to adductor longus)
Artery - middle
Nerve - lateral

60
Q

Saphenous nerve
- description
- innervation

A

Sensory branch of femoral nerve
Innervates skin over anterior thigh

61
Q

Describe path of obturator nerve into the thigh. Innervation?

A

Travels along lateral wall of pelvis
Passes through obturator canal with artery and vein
Exits on superficial surface of adductor brevis - passes between adductor brevis and longus
Innervates medial thigh skin and muscles

62
Q

Femoral triangle
- description / location
- borders
- apex
- floor
- contents

A

Proximal anterior thigh

Border
- medial - adductor longus
- lateral - Sartorius
- superior - inguinal ligament

Apex - point where Sartorius + adductor longus meet

Floor:
- medial - Pectineus
- lateral - iliopsoas

63
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle.

A

Medial - Pectineus
Lateral - iliopsoas

64
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle

A

Femoral
- vein - medial (next to adductor longus)
- artery - middle
- nerve - lateral

65
Q

What tributary does the femoral vein receive? Where?

A

Great saphenous vein
In femoral triangle
Superficial

66
Q

Neck of the femur fracture
- description
- epidemiology
- risk factors
- presentation
- consequences

A
  • “hip fracture”
  • common in elderly
  • osteoporosis

Presentation
- pain in groin
- difficulty walking
- shortening + lateral rotation of injured leg

Vessels supplying femoral head and neck can be severed -> avascular necrosis

67
Q

Where can the femoral artery be accessed / palpated ?

A

Femoral triangle

68
Q

Femoral hernia
- description
- epidemiology
- complications

A

Protrusion of intestine into upper anterior thigh - hernia passes under inguinal ligament
More common in women
Herniated tissue may strangulate -> ischaemia + infarction

69
Q

Obturator nerve irritation
- causes, why?
- consequences

A

Ovarian pathology - obturator nerve passes along lateral wall of pelvis near ovaries
Abnormal sensation - tingling, itching, pain

70
Q

Patellar dislocation
- direction, why?

A

Lateral
Femur and quadraceps muscle angled obliquely relative to tibia

71
Q

Why is lateral movements of the patella resisted?

A

Because Vastus medialis muscle fibres are arranged horizontally at distal end

72
Q

Describe the positions of the obturator nerve, artery and vein along pelvic wall

A

Superior - nerve
Middle - artery
Inferior - vein

Phase 1 - Anatomy (4 decks)

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