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From Flashcardlet > 312-UNIT THREE EXAM > Flashcards

312-UNIT THREE EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the efficiency of humidifiers dependent on?

A

Temperature, Contact time, Surface area

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2
Q

Under ideal conditions, how much humidity can a HME produce?

A

They can produce 70-90% body humidity

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3
Q

Gas delivered to the nose and trachea should be heated and humidified to what level?

A

Nose/Mouth: 22 degrees Celsius; 50% Relative Humidity

Trachea: 32-35 degrees Celsius; 100% Relative humidity

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4
Q

Calculate Relative Humidity (RH)

A

(Absolute Humidity)/(Capacity) X 100

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5
Q

Define the BODY HUMIDITY DEFICIT

A

The difference between the amount of water vapor inspired and the water vapor contained in the gas in the lungs

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6
Q

Describe and Explain How Bubble Humidifiers work and what amount of water vapor content do they produce.

A

It works by directing gas under a surface of water and diffuses it to form bubbles. The finer the bubble, the greater the humidity.

*Provides 15-20 mg/L water vapor content

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7
Q

Explain what conditions cold dry gases can cause to occur in the ariway.

A

Causes decrease in motility of cilia, increased viscosity of mucus, increased mucus production and airway irritability

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8
Q

Explain the advantages of SVNs.

A
  • Ability to aerosolize any drug solution or mixture
  • Minimal coordination is required
  • Useful in ver young or very old patients
  • Drug concentrations can be modified if desired
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9
Q

Define Hygrometer.

A

A device that can be used to measure Relative Humidity

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10
Q

Indications for Bland Aerosol Therapy

A
  • Presence of upper airway edema
  • Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
  • Subglottic edema
  • Postextubation edema
  • Postoperative management of upper airway
  • Presence of bypassed upper airway
  • Need for sputum specimens or mobilization of secretions
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11
Q

Define Humidity.

A

Water vapor in gas

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12
Q

Define Humidity Therapy.

A

Involves adding water vapor and (sometimes) heat to the inspired gas

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13
Q

Define Absolute Humidity.

A

The actual content or amount of water in a given volume of gas (mg/L)

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14
Q

Explain the disadvantages of SVNs.

A
  • Equipment is expensive and cumbersome
  • Treatment times somewhat lengthy
  • Contamination is possible
  • Need for external power source
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15
Q

What factors cause the Isothermic Saturation Boundary (ISB) to shift distally?

A
  • It shifts distally:
  • When a person breathes through the mouth rather than the nose
  • When a person breathes cold dry air
  • When the upper airway is bypassed
  • When the minute ventialtion is higher than normal
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16
Q

Name the Hazards of Ultrasonic Nebulizers (USN).

A
  1. Overhydration
  2. Nosocomial infection transmission
  3. Bronchospasms
  4. Swelling of secretions and being unable to cough them out
  5. Electrical hazards
  6. Some devices may interfere with cardiac pacemakers
  7. Water collecting in the tubing obstructing the flow
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17
Q

What is a SOLUTE?

A

By definition is a substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount.

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18
Q

What is the total output of an unheated large volume jet nebulizer?

A

Varies between 26 and 35 mg H2O/ Liter

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19
Q

Bland Aerosol Therapy Settings.

A

Book

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20
Q

Describe an Artificial Nose.

A

Another name for the passive humidifier HME. It captures exhaled heat ans moisture and uses it to heat and humidify the next inspiration.

21
Q

Define Baffle.

A

grid that breaks up larger particles into smaller particles to increase surface area of gas

22
Q

Calculate Body Humidity.

A

(Absolute Humidity)/ (44mg/L-Capacity at body temp.) X 100

23
Q

Calculate Body Humidity Deficit.

A

(44 mg/L) - (absolute humidity)

or as %:
(Humidity Deficit-mg/L)/ 44 mg/L X 100

24
Q

What is the primary hazard of aerosol drug therapy?

A

An adverse reaction to the medication being administered

25
Q

Name the types of humidifiers.

A

Bubble Humidifiers, Passover Humidifiers, Heat and Moisture Exchangers

26
Q

Define Atelectasis.

A

Collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of a lung by blockage of the airway passages or by very shallow breathing

27
Q

Define MMAD

A

Mass Median Areodynamic Diameter

*Its expressed using the average size using a measure of central tendency, and describes the typical particle size in microns (um)

28
Q

Status Asthmaticus Treament

A

Continuous Nebulizer Therapy (CNT)

29
Q

Name the primary goal of humidification.

A

To maintain normal physiological conditions in the lower airways.

*Proper levels of heat and humidity help ensure normal function of the mucociliary transport system

30
Q

Name equipment used with Bland Aerosol Therapy.

A

Large volume jet nebulizers and Ultrasonic nebulizers

31
Q

What is the temperature of gas being delivered to the mouth?

A

Recommeded to be 22 degrees Celsius

32
Q

Describe how far into the lungs the aerosol particles can go.

A

A

33
Q

Name the features of an ideal HME

A

A

34
Q

What determines the particle size and aerosol output of a USN?

A

Frequency (particle size) and Amplitude (aerosol output)

35
Q

Name the clinical indications for delivering cold aerosol gases.

A

Any upper airway edema or post extubation

36
Q

What inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases to the trachea?

A

A

37
Q

What type of patients need heated humidification?

A

A

38
Q

When would you use HH and HME?

A

A

39
Q

What patient conditions would you recommend bland aerosol therapy?

A

Presence of one or more of the following:

  • Stridor
  • Brassy, crouplike cough
  • Hoarseness following extubation
  • Diagnosis of LTB or croup
  • History of upper airway irritation and increased work of breathing
  • Patient discomfort associated with airway instrumentation or insult
  • Bypassed upper airway
40
Q

What would indicate that bland aerosol therapy was effective?

A

Presence of one or more of the following:

  • Decreased work of breathing
  • Improved vitals
  • Decreased stridor
  • Decreased dyspnea
  • Improved ABG values
  • Improved oxygen saturation, indicated by pulse ox
  • With administration of hypertonic saline, the desired outcome is a sputum sample adequate enough for analysis
41
Q

Name the devices connected to a humidifier and jet nebulizer.

A

All high flow devices except Venturi mask

42
Q

What is one of the greatest factors influencing aerosol deposition?

A

Look in book

43
Q

What does a Pulse Oximeter Measure?

A

Arterial blood oxyhemoglobin saturation levels

44
Q

What size particle would be deposited in the alveoli?

A

1-3 micrometers

45
Q

Describe the HOPE continuous nebulizer.

A
  • Relieves practitioner of laborious task of remixing SVNs every 15 minutes
  • Allows ability to mix medications from 1-8 hours
46
Q

Describe the High-output Extended Aerosol Respiratory Therapy (HEART)

A
  • Allows for up to 8 hours of nebulization

- Optimal 2-3 micrometer particles

47
Q

Increasing the dilutent will only cause __________.

A

Increased therapy time, not decreased strength of medication

48
Q

What causes the mist to disappear when using an aerosol mask?

A

The flow of the mask is not meeting the patient’s inspiratory flow demand, therefor needs to be turned up

49
Q

What device would you place on your patient if they were eating?

A

Nasal Cannula would be best

From Flashcardlet (17 decks)

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