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From Flashcardlet > 314 FINAL EXAM 2 > Flashcards

314 FINAL EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pentamidine is what kind of agent?

A

Antiprotozoal agent

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2
Q

Indications for Pentamidine by inhalation

A

Prevention of PCP

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3
Q

Trade name of Pentamidine

A

NebuPent

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4
Q

Administration of Pentamidine

A

Aerosol, IM injection, IV

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5
Q

Typical dose of Pentamidine

A

300 mg/ 6mL sterile water—every 4 weeks

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6
Q

What device is used to deliver Pentamidine?

A

Respigard II

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7
Q

Side effects of Pentamidine

A

Wheezing, coughing, SOB, bad taste, spontaneous pneumothoraces

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8
Q

Ribavirin is classified as what kind of agent?

A

Virostatic

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9
Q

Trade name of Ribavirin

A

Virazole

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10
Q

Ribavirin is active against:

A

Influenza virus, RSV, and herpes simplex virus

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11
Q

Typical dose of Ribavirin

A

20 mg/mL for 12-18 hours for 3-7 days

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12
Q

Device used to deliver Ribavirin

A

SPAG

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13
Q

Respigam

A

Used to prevent serious lower respiratory tract infections with RSV in children under 24 months

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14
Q

Generic name of Respigam

A

RSV-IGIV

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15
Q

Indications for Antiasthmatic agents

A

Prophylaxis management of mild persistent asthma

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16
Q

Antiasthmatics are

A

controllers

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17
Q

What forms does Cromolyn Sodium come in?

A

Neb solution, MDI and Nasal spray

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18
Q

Brand name of Cromolyn Sodium

A

MDI: Intal

Nasal Spray: NasalCrom, GastroCrom

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19
Q

Effectiveness of Cromolyn Sodium

A

Prevents bronchospasm by mast cell degranulation

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20
Q

Typical dose of Cromolyn Sodium

A

20 mg/4x daily

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21
Q

Trade names of Antileukotrienes

A

Zafirlukast, Montelukast, and Zileuton

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22
Q

Most common side effect of Cromolyn Sodium

A

Nasal Congestion

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23
Q

Trade name of Nedocromil Sodium

A

Tilade

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24
Q

Effectiveness of Tilade as an anti-inflammatory

A

Inhibits activation and activity of sensory neurons, mast cells, airway epithelial cells, and eosinophils

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25
Q

Leukotrienes exhibit what effects?

A
  • Increased mucus secretion
  • Inhibition of normal ciliary action
  • Increased airway edema
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Recruitment of other inflammatory cells into airways
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26
Q

Zileuton interacts with what drugs?

A

Theophylline and Beclamethasone

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27
Q

What kind of agent is Zafirlukast?

A

Leukotriene receptor anagonist (Antileukotriene)

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28
Q

Only antileukotriene agent currently approved for use in pediatric patients

A

Montelukast (Singulair)

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29
Q

Indication for use of leukotriene modifiers, such as montelukast, in asthma.

A

Alternative to or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids

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30
Q

Which medication is considered a mast cell stabilizer?

A

Cromolyn Sodium

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31
Q

Antiasthma agents that are formulated for MDI

A

Cromolyn sodium and Nedocromil

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32
Q

Advantages in using an antileukotrienes

A

Oral administration, additive effect with inhaled steroids, and formulation for pediatric use

33
Q

What drug is lipid-soluble, intracellular receptor agonist that prevents inflammatory response?

A

Flovent

34
Q

Lack of pulmonary surfactant in respiratory distress syndrome of a newborn

A

High surface tension

35
Q

Term used to describe surfactant produced outside of patient’s body

A

Exogenous

36
Q

Surfactant is produced from

A

Alveolar type II cells

37
Q

Surfactant is primarily composed of

A

Phospholipids

38
Q

Major stimulus for secretion of surfactant into alveolus

A

Lung inflation

39
Q

Examples of natural surfactant preparations.

A

Curosurf, Survanta, Infasurf

40
Q

Name the methods Natural surfactant is obtained

A
  • Amniotic fluid extraction
  • Human alveolar wash
  • Animal alveolar wash
41
Q

Indications for surfactant therapy

A
  • Prophylaxis in very low birth weight (1250g) but with immature lungs
  • Rescue treatment in infants with respiratory distress syndrome
42
Q

Generic names of natural surfactants

A

Beractant, Calfactant, and Portactant

43
Q

Medications that increase mucociliary or cough efficiency

A

Mucokinetics

44
Q

Number of goblet cells per square millimeter of normal airway mucosa

A

6000

45
Q

Physical properties of mucus

A

Viscosity, elasticity, cohesion, and adhesion

46
Q

Which agents are currently approved for administration as an aerosolized mucoactive agent?

A

N-acetylcystetine (NAC) and Dornase alfa

47
Q

Pulmozyme is the trade name for what mucoactive agent?

A

Dornase alfa

48
Q

Standard dose of dornase alfa for aerosolization

A

2.5 mg in 2.5 mL of dilutent

49
Q

Agents that increase volume or hydration of airway secretion

A

Expectorants

50
Q

You have a patient with COPD who is struggling to expel viscid mucus plugs. What would you recommend for this problem?

A

Acetylcystetine

51
Q

How does dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) work?

A

Breaks down DNA content in sputum

52
Q

After administering a sympathomimetic drug to your patient, what areas would you expect to see and upward trend?

A

Heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar

53
Q

Stimulation of which receptor sites produce bronchial smooth muscle relation?

A

Beta 2 receptors

54
Q

You are treating an asthmatic who also happens to be taking propranolol (beta blocker) for history of cardiac arrhythmias. What effects would you expect albuterol to have on this patient?

A

Little or no effect

55
Q

An agent causing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Sympathomimetic

56
Q

Relaxation of smooth airway muscle in the presence of reversible airflow obstruction is a general indication for the use of:

A

Adrenergic bronchodilators

57
Q

Disease states that could benefit from the use of adrenergic bronchodilators.

A

Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Bronchiectasis

58
Q

Short acting B2 agonists are indicated for:

A

Relief of acute reversible airflow obstruction

59
Q

Your patient is diagnosed with persistent asthma. Which type of drug would you recommend for maintenance bronchodilation and control of bronchospasm?

A

Long-acting Adrenergic agent

60
Q

You enter the room of a 2-yo pt who present with the characteristic “barking cough” found with croup. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, you may recommend which medication to help provide relief from subglottic swelling?

A

Racemic epinerphrine

61
Q

Levalbuterol is:

A

Single (R)-isomer of albuterol

62
Q

Albuterol is available in which forms?

A

Syrup, Neb solution, MDI, Oral tablets, an DPI

63
Q

Salmeterol is

A

A Long-acting Beta Adrenergic

64
Q

Long-acting B2 agonists are indicated for:

A

Maintenance therapy for asthmatics

65
Q

The bronchodilating action of adrenergic drugs is due to stimulation of:

A

B2 Receptors

66
Q

Continuous Nebulization of inhaled B agonist has been used for:

A

Severe asthma

67
Q

Dosage recommended by NAEPP EPR 2 for continuous nebulization of adrenergic agents is:

A

10-15mg/hour

68
Q

Your patient is receiving her third continuous neb of albuterol (15mg/hr). Which potential complications should you be on the look out for?

A

Hypokalemia, Cardiac arrhythmias, hyperglycemia, PVCs and tremor

69
Q

All of the following are side effects that should be monitored in your patient when using sympathomimetic aerosol except:

  • Insomnia
  • Muscle tremor
  • Bradycardia
  • Tachycardia
A

Bradycardia

70
Q

Which is the only B-agonist formulation that is a single isomer and is approved by FDA for aerosol delivery?

A

Levalbuterol

71
Q

What is the rationale for using the single-isomer agent levalbuterol instead of racemic albuterol?

A

(S)-isomer is thought to promote bronchoconstriction

72
Q

What is the indication for use of short-acting B agonist in asthma?

A

Rescue therapy in reversible airflow obstruction

73
Q

Only anticholinergic approved by FDA for aerosolization is:

A

Ipratropium bromide

74
Q

Ipratropium bromide can be delivered by which methods?

A

Neb solution, MDI, and Nasal spray

75
Q

Atrovent is approved for:

A

Maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in COPD

76
Q

Combivent is a combination drug including which agents?

A

Albuterol and ipratropium bromide

77
Q

Ipratropium bromide agents may be indicated to treat:

A

Allergic rhiniti, common cold, and nonallergic rhinitis

78
Q

Most common side effect of anticholinergic bronchodilators is:

A

Dry mouth

79
Q

Results of a patient’s PFT show that the peak flow rate increased the most when she inhaled an aerosolized sympathomimetic agent and aerosolized parasympatholytic agent. You would recommend that she’d be given:

A

Combivent MDI

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