314-UNIT ONE EXAM

Question 0

CODE NAME

Answer 0

Also known as the experimental name.

An alphanumeric name given by the manufacture to an experimental chemical which shows potential as a drug.

Question 1

CHEMICAL NAME

Answer 1

Name indicating the chemical structure of the drug

Question 2

GENERIC NAME

Answer 2

The proper name

The non-proprietary name

Based on chemical name.

NOT capitalized.

Question 3

TRADE NAME

Answer 3

Also known as Brand Name.

Proprietary name.

Name given by manufacture.

Question 4

OFFICIAL NAME

Answer 4

Name in USP-NF

Usually generic name.

Question 5

United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF)

Answer 5

Official volume giving drug standards in the US

Question 6

Most common sources of drug preparation in chemical synthesis.

Answer 6

Plants, Animals, Minerals

Question 7

Steps for Drug Approval

Answer 7

1. Chemical Identification
2. Animal studies
3. IND
4. NDA

Question 8

FDA classifies drugs with an “A” when _____________________.

Answer 8

If the drug has IMPORTANT THERAPEUTIC GAIN OVER OTHER DRUGS

Question 9

FDA classifies drugs with an “AA” when _____________________.

Answer 9

The drug has IMPORTANT THERAPEUTIC GAIN; For patient’s with AIDS; Fastrack

Question 10

FDA classifies drugs with an “B” when _____________________.

Answer 10

The drug has MODEST THERAPEUTIC GAIN

Question 11

FDA classifies drugs with an “C” when _____________________.

Answer 11

The drug has LITTLE OR NO THERAPEUTIC GAIN

Question 12

_

c

Answer 12

Abbreviation for “with”

Question 13

b.i.d.

Answer 13

Abbreviation for “twice daily”

Question 14

ORPHAN DRUGS

Answer 14

A drug or biological product for the diagnosis or treatment of a rare disease (affects fewer than 200,000 people).

Developing and marketing of this drug is not cost effective, manufacturers not seeking to gain profit back.

Question 15

Superscription

Answer 15

Is the Rx on a prescription, meaning “recipe” or “take thou”

Question 16

Inscription

Answer 16

Lists the name and the quantity of the drug being prescribed.

Question 17

Subscription

Answer 17

When applicable, this instructs the pharmacist on how to prepare the medication. (Ointment, elixir, etc)

Question 18

Sig (signa)

Answer 18

–means “write”

These are the instructions the pharmacist will write on the bottle to instruct the patient on how to take medication

Question 19

Define PHARMACOLOGY

Answer 19

It is the study of drugs, including their origins, properties, and interactions with living organisms

Question 20

List the advantages of aerosolized (inhalation) drugs.

Answer 20

1. Smaller doses may be given because the drug is acting directly on the airway
2. Side effects are usually fewer and less severe
3. Onset of action is rapid
4. Delivery of the drug is targeted to the respiratory system
5. Inhalation of aerosol drugs are painless, safe, and convenient

Question 21

Beta-adrenergic agents

Answer 21

Relax bronchial smooth muscle and dilate bronchi

Question 22

Alpha-adrenergic agents

Answer 22

Used for topical vasoconstriction

Question 23

Anticholinergic agents

Answer 23

Block cholinergic-induced bronchoconstriction to improve ventilatory flow rates in COPD and asthma patients

Example-Ipratropium bromide

Question 24

Mucoactive agents

Answer 24

Modify the properties of respiratory tract mucus

Question 25

Corticosteroids

Answer 25

These agents reduce and control the inflammatory response in the arirway

Question 26

Antiasthmatic agents

Answer 26

Prevent the onset and development of the asthmatic response

Question 27

Anti-infective agents

Answer 27

These agents inhibit or eradicate specific infective agents

Question 28

Dosage of medicine delivered enterally

Answer 28

In oral form (tablet, capsule, liquids, etc)

Question 29

Medicine in parenteral form

Answer 29

Delivered by injection

Question 30

Transdermal

Answer 30

Medicine is in patch is lotion, transfers into blood stream

Question 31

Topical

Answer 31

Applied topically to skin, does NOT transfer to bloodstream

Question 32

Phases of pharmacokinetics

Answer 32

Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

Question 33

Explain drug DISTRIBUTION

Answer 33

Process by which the drug is transported to sites of action, elimination and storage

Question 34

What are the main factors that determine how much drug reaches any one organ or area of the body?

Answer 34

1. Plasma protein binding
2. Blood flow
3. Presence of specific tissue barriers

Question 35

Explain drug METABOLISM

Answer 35

Site of drug biotransformation

Enzyme induction or inhibition

First-pass effect

Question 36

Explain drug ELIMINATION

Answer 36

Most important route is the renal route (kidneys, urine)

Other routes are fecal, pulmonary, perspiration and salivary.

Question 37

Agonist

Answer 37

A drug has both affinity and efficacy–goes to the receptor and causes the response

Question 38

When are Toxicology studies done?

Answer 38

These are performed during the second step of drug approval (animal studies) to determine how much of the chemical it takes to cause cancer and how fertility is affected.

Question 39

Synergism

Answer 39

Drug interaction that occurs from two or more drug effects that are greater than if the drugs were given alone

Question 40

Antagonist

Answer 40

Chemical or drug that binds to a receptor but does not create an effect on the body; it blocks the receptor site from accepting an agonist

Question 41

First-pass effect

Answer 41

Initial metabolism in the liver of a drug taken oral before the drug reaches the systemic circulation

Question 42

ED 50 means ______________________.

Answer 42

This represents the dose of the drug in which half improve

Question 43

LD 50 represents ____________________.

Answer 43

This represents the lethal dose for half of test population

Question 44

What is the Therapeutic Index?

Answer 44

The ratio of LD 50 to ED 50 for a given drug, with both indicating half of the test subjects rather than a 50% clinical response.

Question 45

Main organ in which medications are metabolized

Answer 45

LIVER

Question 46

Patrice size best to reach the Nose

Answer 46

> 10 um

Question 47

Particle size best to reach mouth

Answer 47

> 15 um

Question 48

Particle size best to reach Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 48

5-10 um

Question 49

Particle size best to reach the Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 49

1-5 um

Question 50

What is the therapeutic range for aerosols?

Answer 50

This range is of particle size from 1-10 um. These particles are small enough to enter lungs yet large enough to deposit in airways

Question 51

How much of aerosol medication will reach the lungs?

Answer 51

10-30% will reach the lungs in an adult

Question 52

Small Particle Aerosol Generator (SPAG)

Answer 52

Aerosol device to deliver the medicine ribavirin.

Question 53

Drugs with thicker viscosity will need to ______________

Answer 53

Set to higher flow to insure patient receives medicine.

Question 54

What is the normal liter flow for aerosols?

Answer 54

5-7 L/min

Question 55

Disadvantages of a MDI

Answer 55

Difficulty in dose estimation reproducibility

Difficulty with coordinating hand motions and breathing

Lack of knowledge of device use and administration protocols

Question 56

MDI use technique

Answer 56

1. Warm MDI to hand or body temperature
2. Assemble apparatus–if necessary
3. Remove cap
4. Shake vigorously for 5-10 seconds
5. Exhale normally
6. Place mouthpiece in mouth, several centimeters from face, or in spacer. Depress canister and immediately inhale slowly and deep
7. Hold breath for up to 10 seconds
   * if two or more puffs are needed, wait 1-5 minutes before repeating

Question 57

Definition of an autohaler

Answer 57

An MDI device that does not rely on hand coordination, but rather works automatically with inspiration.

Question 58

Breath-actuated jet nebulizer

Answer 58

Increases delivery of aerosol drug patient inspires while cutting off during expiration to reduce loss of medicine