L1 Flashcards

0
Q

how does delocalisation increase stability of a molecule?

A

delocalisation of electrons across PARALLEL ALIGNED P-ORBITALS.

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1
Q

what is valency?

A

the maximum number of univalent atoms for which an atom of that element can be substituted.

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2
Q

what is aromaticity?

A

RING of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs or empty orbitals exhibit stronger stabilisation than expected by that of conjugation alone.

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3
Q

what does the increased stability of aromatic compounds make them useful for?

A

scaffolds onto which fgs can be grafted.

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4
Q

what happens to a photon absorbed by a chromophore?

A

it is emitted at a longer wavelength.

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5
Q

what happens in a conjugated system (e.g. retinal cofactor) when an electron absorbs a photon?

A

ELECTRON becomes excited –> PI bond rotates –> isomerisation (cis to trans) –> conformational change –> electrical impulse.

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6
Q

what is the partition coefficient?

A

distribution of a compound between water and ocatanol (approximation of distribution between cytosol and lipid membrane).

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7
Q

what is a conjugated system?

A

alternating single and double bonds leading to general delocalisation across all adjacent parallel aligned p orbitals.

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8
Q

describe Aufbay, Hund and Pauli Exclusion.

A

A - electrons enter subsequently increasing energy orbitals
PE - no more than 2 electrons per orbital
Hund - degenerate orbitals fill first.

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9
Q

what two things determine bind length?

A

atomic radius and nature (double or single).

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