3.2

Question 1

Oxygen

Answer 1

a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.

Question 2

Cellular respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 3

Glucose

Answer 3

a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

Question 4

Carbon dioxide

Answer 4

a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Respiratory system

Answer 5

the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

Question 6

Trachea

Answer 6

narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

Question 7

Bronchi

Answer 7

the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system. Singular = bronchus.

Question 8

Bronchioles

Answer 8

small branching tubes in the lungs leading from the two larger bronchi to the alveoli

Question 9

Alveoli

Answer 9

tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.

Question 10

Circulatory System

Answer 10

the body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood.

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

hollow tubes (vessels) with thick walls carrying blood pumped from the heart to other body parts

Question 12

Capillaries

Answer 12

minute tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell of the body is supplied with blood through capillaries.

Question 13

Red Blood Cells

Answer 13

living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body. Oxygen is carried by the red pigment haemoglobin.

Question 14

Erythrocytes

Answer 14

red blood cells

Question 15

Haemoglobin

Answer 15

the red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen

Question 16

Pulmonary vein

Answer 16

the vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart

Question 17

Left atrium

Answer 17

upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart

Question 18

Heart

Answer 18

a muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system so that oxygen and nutrients can be transported to the body’s cells and wastes can be transported away

Question 19

Left ventricle

Answer 19

lower left section of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

Question 20

Aorta

Answer 20

a large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of your heart to your body

Question 21

Arterioles

Answer 21

vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillaries

Question 22

Deoxygenated blood

Answer 22

blood from which some oxygen has been removed

Question 23

Venules

Answer 23

small veins

Question 24

Vena Cava

Answer 24

large vein leading into the top right chamber of the heart

Question 25

Right atrium

Answer 25

upper right section of the heart where deoxygenated blood from the body enters

Question 26

Right ventricle

Answer 26

lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 27

Pulmonary artery

Answer 27

the vessel through which deoxygenated blood, carrying wastes from respiration, travels from the heart to the lungs