3.4

Question 1

Digestive system

Answer 1

a complex series of organs and glands that processes food in order to supply your body with the nutrients it needs to function effectively

Question 2

Excretory

Answer 2

the body system that removes waste substances from the body

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

breakdown of food into a form that can be used by an animal. It includes both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

Question 4

Enzymes

Answer 4

special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 5

Saliva

Answer 5

watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing

Question 6

Salivary glands

Answer 6

glands in the mouth that produce saliva

Question 7

Chemical digestion

Answer 7

the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body

Question 8

Mechanical digestion

Answer 8

digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth

Question 9

Bolus

Answer 9

round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 10

Oesophagus

Answer 10

part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth and pharynx with the stomach

Question 11

Peristalsis

Answer 11

the process of pushing food along the oesophagus or small intestine by the action of muscles

Question 12

Small intestine

Answer 12

the part of the digestive system between the stomach and large intestine, where much of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients takes place

Question 13

Absorption

Answer 13

the taking in of a substance, for example, from the intestine to the surrounding capillaries

Question 14

Villi

Answer 14

tiny finger-like projections from the wall of the intestine that maximise the surface area of the structure to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption. Singular = villus.

Question 15

Colon

Answer 15

the part of the large intestine where a food mass passes from the small intestine, and where water and other remaining essential nutrients are absorbed into your body

Question 16

Large intestine

Answer 16

the penultimate part of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from the waste before it is transported out of the body

Question 17

Vitamin D

Answer 17

a nutrient that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promotes the healthy growth and remodelling of bone, along with other functions

Question 18

Cellulose

Answer 18

a natural substance that keeps the cell walls of plants rigid

Question 19

Rectum

Answer 19

the final section of the digestive system, where waste food matter is stored as faeces before being excreted through the anus

Question 20

Anus

Answer 20

the final part of the digestive system, through which faeces are passed as waste

Question 21

Bile

Answer 21

a substance produced by the liver that helps digest fats and oils

Question 22

Gall bladder

Answer 22

a small organ that stores and concentrates bile within the body

Question 23

Lipases

Answer 23

enzymes that break fats and oils down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 24

Amylases

Answer 24

an enzyme in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar

Question 25

Proteases

Answer 25

enzymes that break proteins down into amino acids

Question 26

Pancreas

Answer 26

a large gland in the body that produces and secretes the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes

Question 27

Excretion

Answer 27

removal of wastes from the body

Question 28

Skin

Answer 28

external covering of an animal body

Question 29

Lungs

Answer 29

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Question 30

Liver

Answer 30

largest gland in the body. The liver secretes bile for digestion of fats, builds proteins from amino acids, breaks down many substances harmful to the body and has many other essential functions.

Question 31

Kidneys

Answer 31

body organs that filter the blood, removing urea and other wastes

Question 32

Nephrons

Answer 32

the filtration and excretory units of the kidney

Question 33

Bladder

Answer 33

sac that stores urine

Question 34

Ureters

Answer 34

: tubes from each kidney that carry urine to the bladder