3.5 Symbiosis Flashcards
Define ‘Symbiosis’
A co-evolved intimate relationship between two members of different species
Give an example of a symbiotic relationship
Plants and Bees
Lichens (Green Algae and Fungus)
What are the two types of symbiosis?
Parasitism and Mutualism
Describe Mutualism
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms in the relationship benefit
Give examples of mutualism
Mitochondria/Chloroplasts and eukaryotic cells
Algae and Fungus (to make Lichen)
Define Parasitism
Parasitism occurs when one organism, the parasite, benefits in terms of energy or nutrients, whereas the host is harmed by the loss of these resources.
Give an example of a parasitic relationship
Plasmodium (Malaria) and Humans
What are the three ways a parasite can be transmitted?
Direct Contact
Resistant Stage
Vector
What is a ‘resistant stage’ in a parasitic life cycle?
A resistant stage is a part of parasitic life cycle where the parasite is able to survive adverse environmental change
Describe the relationship between algae and fungus in Lichen
It is a MUTUALISTIC relationship
Algae benefits by receiving nutrients from fungus
Fungus benefits by receiving glucose from algae
Parasitism is one form of symbiosis. Name another form.
Mutualism
Define ‘Interdependence’
The dependence of two (or more) things on each other.
What is a primary host?
A host where the adult parasite lives and reproduces sexually
What is the secondary host?
A host where immature versions of the parasite lives and is needed for the parasite to mature and complete their life cycle before infecting the primary host.
