3.5 - The influence of the Soviet Union on developments in China Flashcards
What was the Soviet - China relationship like after establishment of CCP?
Peoples republic of China established a relationship with the SU after its victory as the SU had provided military advisers to the communist during its struggle against the GMD.
The SU was the leading communist country in a hostile capitalist world.
Mao very suspicious of Stalin. Stalin had supported the GMD originally and he suggested that the CCP should be happy just controlling northen China. Mao however needed to establish relations with the SU and draw on its knowledge in establishing a communist state. Mao wanted military and economic assistance from the SU.
Negotiations began between the 2 countries in Feb 1950 treaty of friendship alliance and mutual assistance was signed. Key demands for China included
Promise of aid in event of attack
A loan of US 300 million
A list of all SU agents in China
Gave China funding needed to modernise its economy ad guarantees for saftey. Treaty also gave the extensive economic concession to the SU in Manchuria and Xinjiang. Mao needed to avoid focusing on these concession, they look suspiciously like the unequal concession Qing dynast granted.
How did the SU influence Economic developments In China?
Economic aid given by the SU was great important to industrialisation of China. Although 1950 treaty had come at high price to China provided 10,000 economic and military advisers salaries paid by the Chinese these advisers helped to establish the 5 year plan.
Khrushchev admitted the 1950 treaty unfair to China and on his first visit to China he offered a generous trade package promised to help China develop its Civilian nuclear programme. Allowed China to produce Nuclear power for energy to power its industry. Soviets gave advice and pulled out of Manchuria.
First SU nuclear scientist arrived in China in 1958 helping the China select a site for nuclear testing. More than 11,000 Chinese specialist and 1,000 scientist travelled to SU where they were trained to build the AB. They were then able to build nuclear weapons.
The relationship between China and the SU was difficult. Khrushchev called the GLF a failure and he announced the following year that the SU would not send the nuclear hardware been promised.
How did the Soviet influence political developments in China?
Mao never trust Stalin blaming hum for the high price China had to pay for SU for weapons to supply troops in Korean war. He suspected Stalin encouraged China’s involvement in the war to weaken it. Ensuring the SU remained the leading communist country. Mao respected Stalin so was shocked in 1956 when Khrushchev denounced Stalinism and criticised Stalin’s cult of personality. Carried criticism into Mao’s regime. Sino Soviet started to decline after this.
