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Cardiology > 354 Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

354 Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristic of restrictive and dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Increased size of atria

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2
Q

Characteristic of restrictive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

First symptoms is exercise intolerance

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3
Q

Common signs and symptoms of Acute viral myocarditis

A

Heart failure

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4
Q

Common cause of parasitic myocarditis

A

Chaga’s disease

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5
Q

Alcoholic. Bipedal edema. Dyspnea. What is the diagnosis?

A

Cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

Most common toxin implicated in chronic dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Alcohol

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7
Q

Major cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Amyloidosis

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8
Q

Does not cause LV hypertrophy A. Anemia B. Systemic hypertension C. Aortic stenosis D. Mitral stenosis

A

Mitral stenosis

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9
Q

distinguish dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies

A

LV wall thicknes and cavity dimensions

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10
Q

True or false. Heritability is present in 30% of dialted cardiomyopathy without other clear etiology

A

True.

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11
Q

True or false. Most familial cardiomyopathies are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with occasional autosomal recessive and x-linked inheritance

A

True.

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12
Q

most commmon mutations in cardiomyopathy

A

missense mutations with amino acid substitutions

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13
Q

True or false. in dilated cardiomyopathy, systolic dysfunction is more marked than diastolic dysfunction

A

true.

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14
Q

third most common parasitic infection in the world and the most common cause infective cause of cardiomyopathy

A

Chagas disease

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15
Q

causes characteristic histlogic chagnes of vacuolar degeneration and myofibrillar loss

A

anthracyclines

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16
Q

deficiency of this trace element can cause cardiomyopathy

A

selenium

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17
Q

cardiomypathy from selenium or trace mineral deficiency

A

Keshan’ disease

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18
Q

causes restrictive cardiomyopathy but the clinical presentation is often dilated cardiomyopathy

A

hemochromatosis

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19
Q

most recognizable familial cardiomyopathy syndromes with extra cardiac manifestation

A

muscular dystrophies

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20
Q

presents with apical ballooning

A

takotsubo cardiomyopathy

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21
Q

major cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

amyloidosis

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22
Q

least common of the cardiomyopathies

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

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23
Q

cardiomyopathy dominated by abnormal diastolic function with at times massively enlarged atria

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies can be distinguished on the basis of

A

left ventricular wall thickness and cavity dimension;

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25
Q

For all cardiomyopathies, the early symptoms often relate to

A

exertional intolerance with breathlessness or fatigue,

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26
Q

Common valvular regurgitation in cardiomyopathies

A

Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation

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27
Q

Common ejection fraction in symptomatic cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated: less 30% Restricted: 25-50% Hypertrophic: more than 60%

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28
Q

most commonly recognized genetic causes of DCM

A

truncating mutations of the giant protein titin, encoded by TTN

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29
Q

Best known sarcolemmal membrane proteins defect

A

dystrophin

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30
Q

Nuclear membrane protein defects in cardiac and skeletal muscle occur in eithe

A

autosomal (lamin A/C) or X-linked (emerin) patterns

31
Q

What characterizes dilated cardiomyopathy

A

An enlarged left ventricle with reduced systolic function as measured by left ventricular ejection fraction characterizes

32
Q

True or false. Systolic failure is more prominent than diastolic dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

True.

33
Q

Most common cause of myocarditis

A

infective agents that can injure the myocardium through direct invasion, production of cardiotoxic substances, or chronic inflammation with or without persistent infection

34
Q

most commonly associated protozoan causing myocarditis

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

35
Q

True or false. Acute viral myocarditis often presents with symptoms and signs of heart failure.

A

True.

36
Q

Most common sign and symptoms of acute viral myocarditis

A

Heart failure

37
Q

three levels of myocarditis diagnosis

A

Possible subclinical acute myocarditis Probable acute myocarditis Definite myocarditis

38
Q

diagnosed when a typical viral syndrome occurs without cardiac symptoms, but with elevated biomarkers of cardiac injury, ECG suggestive of acute injury, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction or regional wall motion abnormality.

A

Possible subclinical acute myocarditis

39
Q

accompanied by cardiac symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain, which can result from pericarditis or myocarditis

A

Probable acute myocarditis

40
Q

diagnosed when there is histologic or immunohistologic evidence of inflammation on endomyocardial biopsy

A

Definite myocarditis

41
Q

Most often detected virus on PCR of the heart

A

parvovirus B19 and HHV6

42
Q

True or false. There is currently no specific therapy ecommended during any stage of viral myocarditis.

A

True.

43
Q

third most common parasitic infection in the world and the most common infective cause of cardiomyopathy.

A

Chagas’ disease

44
Q

The protozoan T. cruzi is transmitted by

A

bite of the reduviid bug

45
Q

The most common antiparasitic therapies

A

benznidazole and nifurtimox

46
Q

True or false. Survival is <30% at 5 years after the onset of overt clinical heart failure in Chaga’s disease

A

True.

47
Q

African trypanosomiasis infection results from

A

tsetse fly bite

48
Q

The West African form of trypanosomiasis is caused by

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

49
Q

The East African form of trypanosomiasis is caused by

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

50
Q

Trichinellosis is caused by

A

Trichinella spiralis larva ingested with undercooked meat.

51
Q

True or false. Trichinellosis larva may occasionally invade the myocardium, clinical heart failure is rare.

A

True.

52
Q

Bacterial infection that specifically affects the heart in almost one-half of cases, and cardiac involvement is the most common cause of death in patients with this infection.

A

Diphtheria

53
Q

Whipple’s disease is caused by

A

Tropheryma whipplei

54
Q

The most commonly diagnosed noninfective inflammation

A

granulomatous myocarditis, including both sarcoidosis and giant cell myocarditis.

55
Q

True or false. Patients with pulmonary sarcoid are at high risk for cardiac involvement, but cardiac sarcoidosis also occurs without clinical lung disease

A

True.

56
Q

Implicated in hypersensitivity myocarditis

A

thiazides, anticonvulsants, indomethacin, and methyldopa

57
Q

When does Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) develop

A

last trimester or within the first 6 months after pregnancy

58
Q

Risk factor for peripartum cardiomyopathy

A

increased maternal age, increased parity, twin pregnancy, malnutrition, use of tocolytic therapy for premature labor, and preeclampsia or toxemia of pregnancy

59
Q

Implicated in the pathogenesis of peripartum cardiomyopathy

A

decreased angiogenic reserve

60
Q

present in 15% of patients with PPCM and are associated with systolic dysfunction that persists.

A

mutations in TTN

61
Q

most common toxin implicated in chronic DCM

A

Alcohol

62
Q

alcohol consumption necessary to produce cardiomyopathy in an otherwise normal heart has been estimated to be

A

five to six drinks (about 4 ounces of pure ethanol) daily for 5–10 years

63
Q

the most common drugs implicated in toxic cardiomyopathy.

A

Chemotherapy

64
Q

cause characteristic histologic changes of vacuolar degeneration and myofibrillar loss.

A

Anthracyclines

65
Q

True or false. Doxorubicin and trastuzumab are associated with cardiac injury

A

True.

66
Q

True or false. The incidence of cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab is lower than for anthracyclines but enhanced by coadministration with them

A

True.

67
Q

True or false. Hyperthyroidism should always be considered with new-onset atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation in which the rapid ventricular response is difficult to control

A

True.

68
Q

The most common current reason for thyroid abnormalities in the cardiac population

A

treatment of tachyarrhythmias with amiodarone

69
Q

True or false. Hyperthyroidism and heart failure create a dangerous combination that merits very close supervision, often hospitalization, during titration of antithyroid medications, during which decompensation of heart failure may occur precipitously and fatally.

A

True.

70
Q

due to thiamine deficiency can result from poor nutrition in undernourished populations and in patients deriving most of their calories from alcohol, and has been reported in teenagers subsisting only on highly processed foods.

A

Beri-beri heart disease

71
Q

True or false. Abnormalities in carnitine metabolism can cause dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathies, usually in children.

A

True.

72
Q

Deficiency of trace elements such as ____ can cause cardiomyopathy

A

selenium

73
Q

Selenium deficiency cardiomyopathy

A

Keshan’s disease

74
Q

included among the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy, but the clinical presentation is often that of a DCM

A

Hemochromatosis

Cardiology (14 decks)

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