Endocrine University 2015

Question 0

Ultrasound thyroid in pregnancy - okay or not?

Answer 0

Okay

Question 1

Where are medullary carcinomas normally located?

Answer 1

• posteriorly

- superiorly

Question 2

Does air transmit ultrasound well?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What’s the frequency for thyroid ultrasound?

Answer 3

7 - 15 Hz

Question 4

________ frequency gives higher resolution.

Answer 4

Higher

Question 5

_______ frequency is better depth penetration.

Answer 5

Lower

Question 6

What is the soft tissue average propagation velocity?

Answer 6

1540

Question 7

If the thyroid is as dark as the muscles then what pathology is usually present?

Answer 7

Hashimoto’s (hypoechoic)

Question 8

What is the A-mode?

Answer 8

Amplitude mode

Question 9

What is the B-mode?

Answer 9

Brightness mode

Question 10

Halo sign.

Benign or malignant?

Answer 10

Thin halo - benign

Question 11

Posterior acoustic enhancement behind homogenous solid nodules - what is a name given to this?

Answer 11

White knight

Question 12

Train tracks on ultrasound are called —?

Answer 12

Edge artefact

Question 13

What structure causes reverberation artifact?

Answer 13

Cystic areas

Question 14

What happens if you drop the transducer?

Answer 14

The crystals may break

Question 15

Gain settings:

For normal visualisation?

Answer 15

Curvelinear

Question 16

Gain settings:

For deeper structures?

Answer 16

Stair step it

Question 17

Where are the iodine deficient areas in the world?

Answer 17

Areas of glacial melt

Question 18

If you see speckling throughout - what is it worrisome for?

Answer 18

Papillary thyroid cancer

Question 19

IgG4 Related Disease

Features:

Answer 19

• Reidel’s thyroiditis
• fibrosis
• encasement
• retro-peritoneal fibroids
• kidney and eye screening

Question 20

How many thyroid nodules are malignant?

Answer 20

7 - 14%

Question 21

What percentage of nodules shrink over time?

Answer 21

15%

Question 22

On transverse view if a thyroid nodule is taller than wide is that more likely benign or malignant?

Answer 22

Malignant

Question 23

Blue shift on color Doppler

Moving towards or away?

Answer 23

Moving towards

Question 24

Red shift on color Doppler.

Moving towards or away?

Answer 24

Away

Question 25

Which Doppler has a higher sensitivity for detecting flow…

Power or color?

Answer 25

Power

Question 26

Should you do an iodine scan on a pregnant woman?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Which oral hypoglycemic agent causes the most hypoglycemia?

Answer 27

Glyburide

Question 28

What hormone is DHEA-S dependent on?

Answer 28

ACTH

Question 29

For normal diurnal rhythm the evening cortisol should be _____ % of the morning cortisol.

Answer 29

50 %

Half the morning cortisol

Question 30

Which lab value is important for accurate testing of primary hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 30

Suppressed renin

Question 31

Does anything in the body ‘eat’ aldosterone?

Answer 31

The liver does

Question 32

Adrenal vein sampling should be done over age _____?

Answer 32

35

Question 33

What would you expect the aldosterone to be with cosyntropin infusion AVS in a normal person?

Answer 33

~ 500

Question 34

If concerned about catheters being in the right place with IPSS - what should you measure?

Answer 34

Prolactin

Question 35

What’s the first criteria for IPSS?

Answer 35

The patient has to have Cushing’s on the day of IPSS.

Question 36

What happens to creatinine post-op after surgery for primary hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 36

It increases 
(Primary hyperaldosteronism causes hyper-filteration)

Question 37

Why do ~25% of women with primary hyperaldosteronism get remission during pregnancy?

Answer 37

Because of high levels of progesterone

Question 38

Can you do AVS for Cushing’s?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What is the constant when you do an AVS for Cushing’s?

Answer 39

Epinephrine