3.6 - Structure of Proteins Flashcards
what are peptides?
- polymers made up of amino acid molecules
what do proteins consist of and how are they arranged?
- consist of one or more polypeptide
- arranged as complex macromolecules that have specific biological functions
what elements do all proteins consist of?
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- nitrogen
structure of a general amino acid
carbon attached to:
- hyrdogen
- R group
- amine group
- carboxyl group
where are peptide bonds formed and what forms as a result?
- between the amino acids and water is produced as a result (condensation reaction)
what product is formed when two amino acids combine together via condensation reaction?
- dipeptide
what happens when more than two amino acids are linked by peptide bonds?
- they form polypeptides
what catalyses the formation of a polypeptide?
- an enzyme called peptidyl transferase
where is peptidyl transferase present?
- in ribosomes (site of protein synthesis)
what is primary structure?
- the sequence in which the amino acids are joined
what bonds are involved in primary structure?
- peptide bonds
what determines the final proteins stage (primary structure)
- the particular amino acid in a sequence influences how the polypeptide will fold
what are the 2 types of secondary structure?
- alpha helix
- beta pleated sheet
how is an alpha helix formed?
- H,O,N atoms of basic, repeating structures of the amino acid interact
- hydrogen bonds form within the amino acid chain, which create a coil shape
how is a beta pleated sheet formed?
- polypeptide chains are lied parallel to one another and are joined by hydrogen bonds
