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Sensation & Perception > FINAL EXAM chapter 12 Roz > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM chapter 12 Roz Flashcards

1
Q

ILD stands for?

What is it?

A

Interaural difference: difference in pressure level reaching the two ears.

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2
Q

ILD occurs for what frequency of sound

A

High frequency

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3
Q

The difference between the times sound reaches the two ears? It is best for locating sound at what level of frequency?

A

Interaural time difference. Best for low frequency.

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4
Q

what type of cue only uses information from one ear

A

moaural cue

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5
Q

the _________and _____________affect the intensities of frequencies.

A

pinna, head

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6
Q

Katie snorted when Jamie touch “the_____”

A

butt

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7
Q

If you have damage to the dorsal pathway you will have trouble with what?

A

Recognition

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8
Q

Outside sound is reflected off of environmental surfaces and then to the listener. This is called _________ sound. Inside a building there is ________ and _________ sound.

A

Indirect, Indirect and direct.

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9
Q

the array of all sound sources in the environment

A

Auditory Scene

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10
Q

process by which sound sources in the auditory scene are separated into individual perceptions

A

Auditory Scene Analysis

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11
Q

Heuristics that help to perceptually organize stimuli

hint OLS

A

Onset time,
Location and
Similarity of timbre and pitch

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12
Q

Onset time is: sounds that ___ at different____ are likely to come from ______ sources

A

sounds that start at different times are likely to come from different sources

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13
Q

Location: a ________sound source tends to come from ____ location and move_________

A

a single sound source tends to come from one location and to move continuously

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14
Q

Similar sounds that are grouped together are what type of heuristics

A

Similarity of timbre and pitch

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15
Q

A primary monoaural cue for localization

A

spectral cue

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16
Q

binaural cues are used for judging

A

azimuth

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17
Q

spectral cues are responsible for judging

A

elevation

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18
Q

Auditory nerve fibers from the _______ synapse in a sequence of _______ ________

A

cochlea, subcortical structures

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19
Q

Sequence of auditory nerve fibers synapsing to the subcortical structures starting with the cochlear nucleus:
hint: SONIC MG A (in temporal lobe)

A 
Cochlear nucleus...
Superior Olivary Nucleus
Inferior Colliculus
Medial Geniculate nucleus
Auditory receiving area (A1)
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20
Q

From the medial geniculate nucleus fibers extend to the….in the .. ..

A

primary auditory cortex, temporal lobe

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21
Q

Processing for binaural localization occurs in the ….because….further processing happens in the

A

superior olivary nucleus..because signals from both ears meet….inferior colliculus

22
Q

on average people can localize sounds best when they are…

A

right in front of them

23
Q

location cues are not contained in receptor cells like on the retina thus location for sounds must be

A

calculated

24
Q

What affects the intensities of frequencies when discussing monaural cues

A

pinna and head

25
Q

__________processing occurs in the cortex

A

hierarchical

26
Q

neural signals travel through the _____, then _____ followed by the _________.
Simple sounds activate the_________

A

core, belt, parabelt

core

27
Q

complex sounds activate the_____ &______

A

belt and parabelt

28
Q

When do coincidence detectors fire?

A

when signals arrive from both ears

29
Q

What pathway starts in the _______ part of the_____ and belt and extends to the ________ _______

A

What pathway starts in the ANTERIOR part of theCORE and belt and extends to the PREFRONTAL CORTEX.

30
Q

Neurons in the ______ belt have better ____ ______ than neurons in A1

A

posterior, spatial tuning

31
Q

The posterior belt is to____ _____ and the anterior belt is to…

A

spatial tuning, identifying different types of sounds

32
Q

The precedence effect occurs when

A

we perceive the lead sound as the source of both sounds (including lag) despite their differing locations. This happens when the time between presentation is very short.

33
Q

The study of how sounds are reflected in rooms…

A

Architectural acoustics

34
Q

Major factors affecting indirect sound are

A

size of the room

amount of sound absorbed by walls, ceiling and floor

35
Q

amount and duration of indirect sound produced by a room is expressed as

A

reverberation time

36
Q

If reverberation time of a room is too long sounds become… because _____ _____persist for too _________

A

muddled, reflected sounds, long

37
Q

If reverberation time is too short…

A

music sounds dead and becomes difficult to produce high intensity sounds

38
Q

Good reverberation time?…for opera houses?…small classroom?

A

2.0 seconds, 1.5, 0.4-0.6

39
Q

physical measures associated with how music is perceived in concert halls:
IBS

A
  • Intimacy time: time between direct sound and first reflection
  • Bass ration: ratio of low to middle freq reflected from walls and other surfaces
  • Spaciousness factor: fraction of all sound received by a listener that is indirect sound
40
Q

Seperation of different sound sources into perceptually different stream is called _________ by psychologists and _____________ by musicians

A

auditory stream segregation and polyphony or compound melodic line

41
Q

The ventral stream is the ________ pathway

A

WHAT

42
Q

The what/ventral pathway starts in the ______ portion of the _____ and belt and extends to the prefrontal cortex

A

anterior portion of the core and belt and extends to the prefrontal cortex

43
Q

the where/dorsal stream starts in the ___________ core and _________ and extends to the prefrontal and ______________ cortices

A

the where/dorsal stream starts in the POSTERIOR core and BELT and extends to the prefrontal and PARIETAL cortices

44
Q

auditory stream segregation is based on _____ and _____

A

pitch, speed

45
Q

the effects of pitch on auditory stream segregation was demonstrated by alternation high and low _______ at different___________. When high pitched tones were alternated with low pitched tones slowly they were perceived as ______ stream

A

tones, speeds, one

46
Q

similarity of pitch causes

A

grouping

47
Q

sounds that stay constant or change smoothly typically come from the _______ source. This is called

A

auditory continuity

48
Q

ventriloquism effect is an example of _________ dominating______________

A

vision , audition

49
Q

two flash illusion occurs when a single flash is accompanied by_______ tones. The subject perceives_____ _____. this is an example of

A

two, two flashes, hearing dominates vision

50
Q

coordinated receptive fields in the cortex respond to…. These areas help us form a representation of_______

A

two senses, space

Sensation & Perception (3 decks)

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