Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

POM 3 G: IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION > 3.7 Cell Injury And Fate > Flashcards

3.7 Cell Injury And Fate Flashcards

1
Q

Normal cell undergoes stress or increased demand

A

Adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal cell unable to adapt

A

Cell injury or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal cell undergoes injurious stimulus

A

Cell injury or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lethal cell injury

A

Produces cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sublethal cell injury

A

Produces injury not amounting to cell death
May be evereinle or progress to cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of cell injury

A

Oxygen deprivation
Chemical agents
Infectious agents
Immunological reactions
Genetic defects
Nutritional imbalance
Physical agents
Aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of cell injury due to oxygen deprivation

A

Myocardial infarction (due to atherosclerosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the cellular response to injurious stimuli depend on

A

Type of injury
Duration
Severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Consequences of injurious stimulus depend on

A

Type of cell

Its status (e.g. proliferating is more susceptible to cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which intracellular mechanisms are particularly vulnerable to cell injury

A

Cell membrane integrity
Ato generation
Protein synthesis
Integrity of genetic apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lost before cell death

A

Cellular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs to an injured cell after loss of function

A

Morphological changes then death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atrophy

A

Shrinkage in size of cell by loss of cell substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in cell size and consequently Inc in size of organ

Can be physiological or pathological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of Hypertrophy

A

Increased functional demand or specific normal stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Physiological Hypertrophy

A

In normal healthy people e.g. uterus in pregnancy is larger

17
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in NUMBER of cells in an organ

Can be ohysiooogical or pathological

18
Q

Physiological hyperplasia

A

Hormonal or compensatory

Elf, proliferating endometrium regrowing after shedding

19
Q

Pathological hyperplasia

A

Excessive hormonal or growth factor stimulation

E.g. carcinoma

20
Q

Metaplasia

A

Reversible change where a cell is replaced by another

Can be physiological or pathological

21
Q

Example of physiological Metaplasia

A

Cervix during pregnancy

22
Q

Pathological Metaplasia example

A

Oesophagus in acid reflux

23
Q

Dysplasia

A

Precancerous cells which show the genetic and cytologicql features of malignancy but don’t invade underlying tissue

24
Q

Light microscopic changes associated with reversible injury

A

Fatty chance and cellular swelling (degenerative changes)

25
Q

Necrosis

A

Confluent cell death associated with inflammation

26
Q

Light microscopic changes associated with irreversible injury

A

Coagulative necrosis

Liquefactive necrosis

Caseous necrosis

Fat necrosis

27
Q

Coagulative necrosis

A

Structure becomes fixed

E.g. myocardial infarction

28
Q

Liquefactive necrosis

A

Tissue becomes liquefied

E.gg. In brain old cerebral infarct

29
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

Cheesy

Seen in TB

30
Q

Fat necrosis

A

Enzymes activated prematurely and digest tissues

E.g. acute pancreatitis

31
Q

Apoptosis vs necrosis mechanism

A

Necrosis involves inflammation

Apoptosis forms apoptotic bodies and phagocytes phagocytosis the apoptotic fragments

In necrosis enzymatic digestion and leakage of cellular contents

32
Q

Causes of apoptosis

A

Embryogenesis (forming fingers)

Deletion of aurora tive T cells in thymus

Hormone dependent physiological involution

Cell deletion in proliferating populations

Mild injury stimuli cause irreparable dna damage

33
Q

How does apoptosis differ from necrosis

A

Not associated with inflammation

May be physiological

Apoptosis is active energy dependent process

34
Q

Necroptosis

A

Programmed cell death associated with inflammation

Causes e.g. viral infection

POM 3 G: IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions