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Medical Terminology- Abby > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by the liver to form bilirubin and eventually excreted in the feces

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2
Q

bolus

A

mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed

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3
Q

exocrine

A

gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

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4
Q

sphincter

A

circular band of muscle fibers that constrict a passage or close a natural opening of the body

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5
Q

triglycerides

A

organic compound, a true fat that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids. in the blood, triglycerides combine with proteins to form lipoproteins. the liver synthesizes lipoproteins to transport fats to other tissues, where they are a source of energy.

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6
Q

oral cavity

A

mouth

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7
Q

list the structures of the alimentary canal in order

A

mouth (oral cavity), pharynx, esophagus, lower esophageal (cardiac sphincter), stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anus

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8
Q

name the structures of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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9
Q

name the structures of the upper GI tract

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

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10
Q

name the structures of the large intestine

A

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum (NOT anus)

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11
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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12
Q

enamel

A

outer layer of teeth

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13
Q

dentin

A

major component of teeth, deep to enamel

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14
Q

pulp

A

deepest layer of tooth, below dentin. contains nerves and blood vessels

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15
Q

gingiva

A

gums

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16
Q

deglutition

A

moving food to back of mouth for swallowing

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17
Q

papillae

A

rough projections on tongue that contain taste buds

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18
Q

epiglottis

A

small flap that closes over trachea during swallowing

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19
Q

where does most of the digestion in the stomach occur?

A

pylorus

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20
Q

rugae

A

microscopic folds w/i stomach lining that contain glands that secrete HCl and enzymes for digestion

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21
Q

chyme

A

semiliquid food that has been digested by HCL/enzymes and mechanical digestion in the stomach.

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22
Q

what valve separates the small and large intestines?

A

ileocecal valve

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23
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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24
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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25
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

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26
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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27
Q

gloosectomy

A

removal of all or part of the tongue

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28
Q

ling/o

A

tongue

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29
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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30
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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31
Q

cheiloplasty

A

surgical repair of a defective lip

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32
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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33
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

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34
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

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35
Q

orthodontist

A

orth (straight) odonto (teeth)

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36
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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37
Q

gingivectomy

A

excision of disease gingival tissue

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38
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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39
Q

sialolith

A

calculus formed in a salivary gland or duct

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40
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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41
Q

esophagoscop

A

instrument for examining the esophagus

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42
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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43
Q

pharyngotonsillitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils

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44
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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45
Q

gastralgia

A

stomach pain

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46
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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47
Q

pylorospasm

A

involuntary contraction of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; as in pyloric stenosis

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48
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

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49
Q

duodenoscopy

A

visual examination of the duodenum

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50
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually the small intestine)

51
Q

entropathy

A

diease of the intestine

52
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

53
Q

jejunorrhaphy

A

suture of the jejunum

54
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of small intestine)

55
Q

ileostomy

A

creation of an opening between the ileum and abdominal wall

56
Q

append/o

A

appendix

57
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

58
Q

col/o

A

colon

59
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

60
Q

colon/o

A

colon

61
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

62
Q

sidmoidotomy

A

incision of the sigmoid colon

63
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

64
Q

rectocele

A

herniation or proturusion of the rectum

65
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

66
Q

proctologist

A

physician who specializes in treating the disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

67
Q

an/o

A

anus

68
Q

perianal

A

pertaining to the area around the anus

69
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

70
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

71
Q

pacreat/o

A

pancreas

72
Q

pancreatolysis

A

destruction of the pancreas (caused by pancreatic enzymes)

73
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel (cholangiole- small terminal portion of the bile duct) (-ole- small)

74
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

75
Q

cholelith

A

gallstone

76
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder (cyst- bladder)

77
Q

choledonch/o

A

bile duct

78
Q

choledochoplasty

A

surgical repair of the bile duct

79
Q

-emesis

A

vomit

80
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified) (cholelithiasis- abnormal condition of gallstones)

81
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

82
Q

-orexia

A

appetite (anorxeia- without appetite)

83
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion (dyspepsia- difficult or painful digestion)

84
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing

85
Q

-prandial

A

meal (postprandial- after a meal)

86
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

87
Q

steatorrhea

A

discharge of fat in fecal matter

88
Q

dia-

A

through, accross

89
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat (NOT anorexia nervosa)

90
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

91
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

92
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

93
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease.

94
Q

dysphagia

A

painful swallowing (AKA aphagia)

95
Q

fecalith

A

fecal concretion

96
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophacus

97
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine.

98
Q

regurgitation

A

backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach.

99
Q

ileorectal anastomosis

A

surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy as is sometimes performed in the treatment in UC.

100
Q

intestinal anastomosis

A

surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; AKA enteroenterostomy

101
Q

enteroenterostomy

A

intestinal anastomosis, surgical connection of two portions of the intestines.

102
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening between part of colon thru abdominal wall to outside to divert fecal flow into colostomy bag.

103
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing a stone and eliminating fragments surgically using US waves.

104
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp.

105
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the GI tract using endoscope. way to ID bleeding, abnormalities, ulcerations, tumors.

106
Q

sialography

A

radiological examination of the salivary glands and ducts.

107
Q

Ba

A

barium

108
Q

BaE, BE

A

barium enema

109
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave

110
Q

EUS

A

endoscopic US

111
Q

GBS

A

gallbladder series

112
Q

GER

A

gastroesophageal reflux

113
Q

HAV

A

Hep A virus

114
Q

HBV

A

Hep B virus

115
Q

HCV

A

Hep C virus

116
Q

HDV

A

Hep D virus

117
Q

HEV

A

Hep E virus

118
Q

LFT

A

liver function test

119
Q

OCG

A

oral cholecystography

120
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

121
Q

R/O

A

rule out

122
Q

UGIS

A

upper gastrointestinal series

123
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

Medical Terminology- Abby (15 decks)

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