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Path IV DJ > Female Genital Pathology > Flashcards

Female Genital Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Molluscum contagiosum:

  • Gross description
  • Infectious agent
A
  • Small cluster of 2mm papules with central umbilication

- Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (a DNA poxvirus)

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2
Q

Psoriasis:

  • Gross appearance
  • Micro appearance
  • MC areas
A
  • Silvery plaques on an erythematous base
  • Hyperkeratosis, loss of granular layer, elongation of rete pegs
  • Scalp, elbows, knees, gluteal cleft
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3
Q

Lichen Simplex Chronicus:

  • Description
  • Micro appearance
  • Keywords: ___ - ____ cycle
A
  • Epithelial thickening dt chronic scratching
  • Elongation, widening, and thickening of rete pegs
  • Scratch-itch cycle
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4
Q

Lichen planus:

  • Gross appearance
  • Micro appearance
A
  • Red, sore, raw areas of skin w/ scarring

- Saw-tooth rete pegs **pathognomonic

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5
Q

Lichen sclerosus:

  • Gross appearance
  • Micro appearance
  • Inc risk of …?
A
  • White/pale thickening of skin of vulva
  • Edema of basal layer, collagen deposition, disappearance of rete pegs
  • Vulvar carcinoma
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6
Q

What happens with the epithelial rete pegs in the following conditions:
Psoriasis, LSC, Lichen Planus, Lichen Sclerosus

A

Psoriasis: elongation
Lichen Simplex Chronicus: elongation, thickening, widening
Lichen Planus: saw-tooth
Lichen Sclerosus: disappearance

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7
Q

A cyst found in the vulva is probably a…

A

Bartholin’s duct cyst

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8
Q

Genital Herpes

  • Gross description
  • Micro description
A
  • Shallow, painful ulcers

- Tzanck smears reveal multinucleated giant cells. Nuclei have ground glass appearance.

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9
Q

Condyloma acuminata

  • MC infectious agent–be specific
  • Gross appearance
  • Micro appearance
A
  • HPV types 6 & 11
  • nontender nonpruritic lesions, cauliflowery
  • acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, cytoplasmic vacuoles
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10
Q

Condyloma lata

  • Infx agent
  • Gross apperance
A
  • Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

- Pale or gray flat warts (not cauliflowery)

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11
Q

What are the three MC vaginal infx in order of prevalence?

A
  1. Bacterial vaginosis
  2. Candida
  3. Trichomonas
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12
Q

Differentiate BV, candida, and trich on the basis of discharge, odor and pH.

A

BV + Trich: fishy odor, high vaginal pH

Candida: no odor, low pH, cottage cheese d/c”

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13
Q

What wet mount finding indicates BV?

A

Clue cells = epithelial cells covered in bacteria

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14
Q

Why is chlamydia difficult to find in the lab?

A

Because it lives inside human cells.

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15
Q

Characteristic histological finding for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Neutrophils with Gram (-) intracellular diplocci

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16
Q

Vulvar intraepithlial neoplasia

  • Gross appearance
  • Micro apperance
  • Assoc w/ which infx agent
  • Inc risk of…?
A
  • Presence of multicolored hyperpigmented skin plaques
  • Diffuse cellular atypia, nuclear crowding, mitotic figures
  • High-risk HPV
  • Vulvar carcinoma
17
Q

Vulvar carcinoma

  • MC cell type
  • Tumor marker
  • When is HPV assoc?
A
  • SCC (85%)
  • p53 protein
  • Poorly differentiated, positive for HPV; highly differentiated + keratinizing, HPV negative
18
Q

Cancer assoc w/ DES exposure

A

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina/vulva

19
Q

Cellular changes in which nuclei are enlarged and stain with a halo-like appearance (relates to cervical cancer)

A

Koilocytosis

20
Q

Which grade of cervical dysplasia is characterized by koilocytosis?

A

Low-grade SIL/ASC-US

21
Q

Which HPV strains are considered high-risk for cervical cancer?

A

16 & 18

22
Q

Give the main risk factor for cervical cancer, along with at least 3 other risk factors.

A

Main: presence of HPV

Others: younger at first intercourse, multiple partners, OCP, tobacco, hx genital infx, multiple births

23
Q

Endometriosis

  • Definition
  • MC ectopic site
  • MC age group
  • Gross appearance
  • Micro appearance
A
  • Endometrial tissue located outside the lining of uterus
  • Ovaries
  • Reproductive age
  • Black/brown specks on tissues in the abdomen
  • Endometrial glands and stroma
24
Q

Endometrioma

  • Common name
  • Definition”
A
  • Chocolate cyst

- Ovarian cyst that forms dt ectopic endometrial tissue bleeding inside the ovary

25
Q

Adenomyosis

  • Definition
  • Micro appearance
A
  • Ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium

- Thickened, spongy myometrium

26
Q

Endometritis

  • Cause usu related to…?
  • Acute is characterized by…?
  • Chronic is characterized by…?
A
  • childbirth (e.g. retained placental fragments)
  • microabscesses (neutrophils within endometrial glands)
  • plasma cells in stroma
27
Q

PID

  • Definition
  • Scary sequela
A
  • Infx of upper genital tract not assoc w/ pregnancy or surgery
  • Infertility (save the tubes!)
28
Q

What group are the most common gyn cancers in the US?

A

Endometrial cancers

29
Q

Most common endometrial cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

30
Q

Tumor marker for papillary serous carcionma

A

p53 protein

31
Q

Leiomyoma

  • Definition
  • Gross appearance
  • Micro appearance
A
  • Benign smooth muscle tumor of uterus (fibroid)
  • Round, firm, well-circumscribed tumors
  • Cells have uniform size and shape with oval nuclei, characteristic whorled pattern
32
Q

MC endocrine d/o in women AND MC cause of female infertility

A

PCOS

33
Q

PCOS

  • Direct cause
  • Assoc w/… (other endocrine dz)
  • Lab finding
  • US finding
A
  • Ovaries producing androgens
  • Insulin resistance
  • LH>FSH 1:3
  • string of pearls
34
Q

“Ovarian cancer:

  • MC cell of origin
  • Characteristic spread
  • Bx of cystadenocarcinoma”
A
  • “epithelial” (adenocarcinoma)
  • seeding along peritoneum
  • psamomma bodies
35
Q

Three characteristic findings in psoriasis

A 
Koebner phenomenon (new lesion at site of injury)
Woronoff's ring (ring of blanching around plaque)
Auspitz's sign (point bleeding on lifting of scale)

Path IV DJ (6 decks)

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