4 - Basic Tissues

Question 1

What are the 4 basic Tissues?

Answer 1

-Epithelial
-Connective
-Muscle
-Nervous

Question 2

What is Epithelia made of?

Answer 2

It consists of loosely packed cells, supported by a basement membrane

Question 3

What are the Apical & Basal sides

Answer 3

Apical side of a cell:
Faces lumen/surface
Basal side:
Faces basement membrane

Question 4

What are the characteristics of epithelia?

Answer 4

-Attachment (to a basement membrane)
-Avascularity (no blood vessels)
-Regeneration
-Polarity

Question 5

What are the classifications of epithelia based on (and what are they)?

Answer 5

Number of cell layers:
1 Layer = Simple
2+ Layers = Stratified

Shape:
Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal (cube)
Columnar (rectangle)

Question 5

What are the 6 main types of epithelia?

Answer 5

-Simple squamous -Keratinised stratified squamous -Non keratinised stratified squamous
-Simple cuboidal -Simple columnar -Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

Question 6

What is an intercellular junction?

Answer 6

Specialised areas of cell membrane that bind one cell to another

Question 7

Characteristics of Simple Squamous?

Answer 7

• Flat cells - oval shaped nuclei
• One layer of cells
• Major function: exchange of nutrients & gases
• Location: blood vessels, alveoli

Question 8

Characteristics of Keratinised Stratified Squamous?

Answer 8

• Flat surface cells - oval shaped nuclei
• Many layers
• Keratin
• Major function: protection, barrier (waterproof)
• Location: skin

Question 9

Characteristics of Non-Keratinised Stratified Squamous?

Answer 9

• Flat surface cells with oval shaped nuclei
• Many layers
• Major function: protection, barrier
• Location: oral cavity, oesophagus

Question 10

Characteristics of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

Answer 10

• Square cells with round nuclei
• One layer
• Major function: absorption & secretion
• Location: glands, kidney tubules

Question 11

Characteristics of Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Answer 11

• Tall cells with oval, basally located nuclei
• One layer
• Major function: absorption & secretion
• Location: GI tract
• Surface modifications: microvilli

Question 12

Characteristics of Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium with Goblet Cells?

Answer 12

• Tall cells
• Appears stratified as some cells don’t reach free surface.
• All cells touch basement membrane
• Functions: mucociliary escalator
• Location: trachea and large respiratory airways
• Modifications: cilia & goblet cells

Question 13

What are the 4 types of Intercellular Junctions?

Answer 13

Desmosomes
Tight Junctions
Hemidesmosomes
Gap Junctions
(Desmond Took Harry’s Gun)

Question 14

Characteristics of Desmosomes?

Answer 14

-Very strong connections between adjacent cells
-Resist stretching & twisting

Question 15

Characteristics of Hemidesmosomes?

Answer 15

-Attach cells to basement membrane
-Stabilise position & anchor cell to underlying tissue

Question 16

Characteristics of Tight Junctions?

Answer 16

-Interlocking proteins tightly bind cells together near apical edge
-Prevent passage of water & solutes between cells (eg in digestive tract)

Question 17

Characteristics of Gap Junctions?

Answer 17

-Cells held together by an interlocking membrane protein containing a central pore
-Allows movement of small molecules & ions between cells (found in cardiac muscle)

Question 18

Functions of Connective Tissue?

Answer 18

• Forms structural framework for body
• Supports, surrounds & interconnects other tissue types
• Protects delicate organs
• Transports fluids and dissolved materials
• Stores energy reserves
• Defends body from microorganisms

Question 19

What are the 2 types of Connective tissues & their subcategories?

Answer 19

Specialised Connective Tissue: Blood, Bone, Cartilage

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose Areolar, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular

Question 20

Function of Muscle Tissue?

Answer 20

Produces movement and is specialised for contraction

Question 21

3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 21

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac