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Chemistry > 4: Inorganic Chemistry > Flashcards

4: Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the trend in reactivity down group 2?

A

Increases because electron are lost more easily, due to the increase in atomic radius and shielding.

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2
Q

What is the trend in first ionisation energy down group 2?

A

I decreases because there is an increase in shielding and an increase in atomic radius.

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3
Q

What is the reaction of group 2 elements with oxygen?

A

2Ca + O2 -> 2CaO.

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4
Q

What is produced when group 2 elements react with water?

A

Hydroxide & hydrogen gas.

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5
Q

Which group 2 element doesn’t reaction with water?

A

Beryllium.

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6
Q

Which group 2 element reacts slowly with water?

A

Magnesium.

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7
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of barium and water?

A

Ba+ 2H20 -> Ba(OH)2 + H2

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8
Q

What are the products of group 2 oxide + dilute acid?

A

Salt & water.

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9
Q

Write the equation for the reaction of Calcium + HCl?

A

CaO + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O

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10
Q

What is formed when group 2 oxides react with water?

A

Metal hydroxide.

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11
Q

Write the equation of the reaction between a group 2 oxide & water?

A

MO + H2O -> M(OH)2

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12
Q

What group 2 oxide is insoluble in water?

A

Beryllium oxide.

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13
Q

Write the equation for the reaction between Mg(OH)2 and nitric acid?

A

2HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 -> Mg(NO3)2 + 2H2O

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14
Q

What is the trend in hydroxides solubility down group 2?

A

Increases down the group.

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15
Q

What is the trend in sulphate solubility down group 2?

A

Group 2 sulphate becomes less soluble down the group.

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16
Q

Explain the trend in thermal stability down group 2 carbonates?

A

Group 2 carbonates are more thermally stable as you go down the group this s because the cations get bigger so therefore have less of a polarising effect distorting the carbonate ion less.

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17
Q

Explain the trend in thermal stability down group 1 carbonates?

A

Group 1 carbonates do not decompose except for lithium. This is because they don’t have a big enough charge density to apprise the carbonate ion as they only form 1+ ions. However, lithium is small enough to have a polarising effect.

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18
Q

Explain the trend in thermal stability down group 2 nitrates?

A

Thermal stability decreases down group 2, due to the ions getting larger and their have smaller charge density, so they have less of a polarising effect on the nitrate.

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19
Q

Explain the trend in thermal stability down group 1 nitrates?

A

Group 1 nitrates do not decompose, except lithium nitrate.

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20
Q

What is the flame test colour for Lithium?

A

Red.

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21
Q

What is the flame test colour for sodium?

A

Yellow.

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22
Q

What is the flame test colour for Potassium?

A

Lilac.

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23
Q

What is the flame test colour for rubidium?

A

Red.

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24
Q

What is the flame test colour for caesium?

A

Blue.

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25
Q

What is the flame test colour for magnesium?

A

No colour.

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26
Q

What is the flame test colour for calcium?

A

Brick red.

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27
Q

What is the flame test colour for strontium?

A

Red.

28
Q

What is the flame test colour for Barium?

A

Apple Green.

29
Q

How do you carry out a flame test?

A

Use a nichrome wire.
Sterilise the wire by dipping in conc HCl.
Dip wire in powder and put in bunsen flame.
Observe colour change.

30
Q

Why do flame tests give a colour?

A

The heat causes the electrons the get excited and move up to a higher energy level, the electron I unstable at this energy level so it moves back down. As it moves back down the energy emitted is in the form of visible light.

31
Q

What is the trend in boiling points down group 7?

A

Increases down the group because the size of the atom increases, meaning more electrons, meaning more London forces.

32
Q

What is the trend in reactivity down group 7?

A

It decreases because atomic radius increases therefore electron shielding increases and the ability to gin electrons decreases.

33
Q

What is the trend in electronegativity down group 7?

A

The electronegativity decreases down the group due to the atomic radii increases, therefore there is a weaker traction between nuclei and outer electron.

34
Q

What is the trend in oxidising agent strength down group 7?

A

Decreases down the group. Due to the increasing size of atomic radius. Becomes harder to gain electrons, due to weaker attraction between electrons and nuclei.

35
Q

What is the trend in reducing agent strength down the group?

A

It increases due to the increasing atomic radius. Weaker attraction with outer electron & nuclei, electrons more easily lost.

36
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen.

37
Q

What is the colour of chlorine water?

A

Pale green.

38
Q

What is the colour of bromine water?

A

Orange.

39
Q

What is the colour of iodine water?

A

Brown.

40
Q

What is the colour of chlorine in cyclohexane?

A

Pale green.

41
Q

What is the colour of bromine in cyclohexane?

A

Orange.

42
Q

What is the colour of iodine in cyclohexane?

A

Purple.

43
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of Cl2 with water?

A

Cl2 + H2O -> HClO + HCl.

44
Q

What are the two forms of chlorate ions?

A

ClO- is chlorate(I)

ClO3- is Chlorate(V).

45
Q

What is the equation and conditions when forming bleach?

A

Cold dilute alkali.

Cl2 + 2NaOH -> NaCl + NaClO + H2O.

46
Q

What is the reaction of chlorine with hot dilute NaOH?

A

3Cl2 + 6NaOH -> 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O

Disproportionation.

47
Q

What is the reaction of chorine with water?

A

Cl2 + H2O -> HClO + HCl.

48
Q

What is the test for halide ions?

A

Acidified AgNO3

49
Q

What is the result for Cl- and AgNO3?

A

White ppt

Ag+ + Cl- -> AgCl.

50
Q

What is the result for Br- and AgNO3 ?

A

Cream ppt

Ag+ + Br- -> AgBr.

51
Q

What is the result for I- and AgNO3?

A

Yellow ppt Ag+ + I- -> AgI

52
Q

What happens when you add dilute/conc NH3 to AgCl?

A

AgCl dissolves in both dilute and conc NH3.

AgCl + 2NH3 -> [Ag(NH2)2}+ + Cl-.

53
Q

What happens when you add dilute/conc NH3 to AgCl?

A

AgBr only dissolves in conc NH3.

AgBr + 2NH3 –> [Ag(NH2)2]+ +Br.

54
Q

What happens when you add dilute/conc NH3 to AgI?

A

Will not dissolved in either.

55
Q

What are the 4 equations when I- reduces H2SO4?

A

H2SO4 + 2I- –> SO42- + 2HI.
H2SO4 + 2H+ +2I- –> SO2 + I2 + 2H2O.
H2So4 + 6H+ + 6I- –> S + 3I2 + 4H2O.
H2SO4 + 8H+ + 8I- –> H2S + 4I2 + 4H2O.

56
Q

What is the reaction of Br- & H2SO4?

A

2Br- + H2SO4 –> 2HBr + SO2.

57
Q

What is the Reaction of Cl- & H2SO4?

A

H2SO4 is not reduced. Only HCl is formed.

58
Q

What is the test for carbonate ions (CO32- or HCO3-)?

A

Add strong acid.
Collect gas and bubble through lime water.
If CO32- is present line water will go cloudy and fizzing will occur.

59
Q

What is the equation for the carbonate test?

A

CO32- + H+ –> H2O + CO2

60
Q

What is the test for sulphate ions (SO42-)?

A

Add dilute HCl And barium sulfate.

White ppt will form.

61
Q

What is the equation of the sulphate ion test?

A

Ba2+ + SO42- –> BaSO4.

62
Q

When testing for carbonate, sulfate & halide ions what order should the tests be carried out in?

A

1= carbonate test
2=sulfate test
3= halide test.
Because barium ions form insoluble ppt of BaCO3 and silver ions form insoluble ppt of Ag2SO4.

63
Q

What is the test for NH4+

A

Add sodium hydroxide to sample and warm.

Test gas produced with red litmus paper. Red litmus paper will turn blue.

64
Q

What is the equation for the ammonium ions test?

A

NH4+ + OH- –> NH3 + H2O.

65
Q

What is the reaction of group 2 elements with chlorine gas?

A

Cl2 + Mg –> MgCl2.

66
Q

What is the reaction of a hydrogen halide & water?

A

H20 + HCl –> H30+ + Cl-

Chemistry (19 decks)

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