4 – Pig GIT

Question 1

Important generalities of the abdomen of the pig:

Answer 1

-simple monogastric
-caudal fermentation (like horse)

Question 2

Pigs are simple monogastric, which organs are similar to a dog?

Answer 2

-stomach
-small intestine
*omentum is similar but SMALLER (does not cover the intestines)

Question 3

Caudal fermentation (like horse)

Answer 3

-cecum and large intestine enlarged into fermentation chamber
-elongated spiral colon

Question 4

Stomach:

Answer 4

-left of midline
-glandular and non-glandular mucosa

Question 5

What is so important about the non-glandular part of the stomach?

Answer 5

-not protected
-may end up with an ulcer
*near esophageal entrance

Question 6

What separates the glandular and non-glandular parts of a pig stomach?

Answer 6

-margo plicatus
>also in horses

Question 7

Stomach parts:

Answer 7

-fundus with dorsal diverticulum
-body
-pyloric part

Question 8

Fundus with dorsal diverticulum:

Answer 8

-mucus (cardiac) gland region
*large area in pig

Question 9

Body:

Answer 9

-proper gastric glands

Question 10

Pyloric part:

Answer 10

-mucus (pyloric) gland region
-torus pyloricus

Question 11

Torus pyloricus:

Answer 11

-in pigs and ruminants
-not really sure of the clinical relevance
>if have an ulcer that goes all the way to it, it can rip there
*’gate-keeper’

Question 12

What forms the torus pyloricus?

Answer 12

-circular muscle at the end of the lesser curvature of the stomach
-fat
-mucosa

Question 13

Cecum:

Answer 13

-on the left
-3 muscular bands (taenia) and haustra

Question 14

Pigs have a spiral colon with 3 parts:

Answer 14

-proximal
-apex
-distal
*cone on left face of great mesentery

Question 15

Proximal colon:

Answer 15

-outer centripetal
>2 muscular bands and haustra (taeniae)
>sacculated

Question 16

Apex:

Answer 16

-between proximal and distal colon
>where it turns and goes inwards

Question 17

Distal colon:

Answer 17

-inner centrifugal
>no haustra (taeniae)
>no sacculation’s

Question 18

Base of colon is attached to:

Answer 18

-abdominal roof at kidneys/pancreas

Question 19

Spleen:

Answer 19

-bright red
-elongated
-surface marbling
-loose attachment
-under last 3-4ribs
-extends below costal arch

Question 20

Spleen parts:

Answer 20

-dorsal and ventral extremity
>ventral may have fibrin due to disease (gravity)
-cranial and caudal borders

Question 21

Liver:

Answer 21

-no papillary process
*caudate process is NOT in contact with right kidney in pig
-quadrate lobe is small to non-existent
*obviously lobulated
>thick fibrous tissue makes needle biopsy impossible

Question 22

Why are pigs a great model for humans?

Answer 22

-share similar LI (macro and micro)
>mucosal folds: increase SA
>hind gut fermenters in pigs
*may become donors for humans (need super clean herds)

Question 23

Plucks:

Answer 23

-describes the viscera of a butchered animal
*use offal if referring to it as food

Question 24

‘sweetbread’:

Answer 24

-culinary name for thymus or pancreas
>especially of calf or lamb

Question 25

What duct is the only one to end on the major duodenal papilla in pigs?

Answer 25

-common bile duct
>unlike dogs

Question 26

What terminates on the minor duodenal papilla in pigs?

Answer 26

-accessory pancreatic duct
>don’t have a pancreatic duct

Question 27

What is the location of the jejunal lymph nodes in a pig?

Answer 27

-near its intestinal attachment

Question 28

Duodenocolic fold:

Answer 28

-links the descending colon to the ascending duodenum

Question 29

Peyer’s patches:

Answer 29

-in ileum
-aggregated lymph nodes

Question 30

Ileal papilla:

Answer 30

-at the ileal ostium
-the projection of the terminal ileum into the large intestine