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General Anatomy > Ch. 3 - Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Ch. 3 - Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissue general traits

A
  1. most abundant
  2. binds structures: structural framework of body (connects tendons/joints and such)
  3. supports skeletal system
  4. stores fat
  5. produces blood (bone marrow) *connective tissue
  6. repairs damage (repair themselves)
  7. a lot of matrix (space) between cells
  8. good blood supply (blood vessels)
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2
Q

Major Connective Tissue cell types

A 
RESIDENT CELLS (stay put): fibroblasts, histiocytes, adipocytes, mesenchymal, melanocytes
WANDERING CELLS (not permanent residents): mast cells, leukocytes
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3
Q

fibroblasts

A
  • most common
  • (fiber building)
  • secrete protein into matrix to produce fibers
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4
Q

histiocytes

A

-type of macrophage (defend tissue)

(white blood cell) *ingest and kill bacteria but cell stays put in one area of the body

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5
Q

adipocytes

A

fat cells (lipid droplet that occupies most of cell and pushes nucleus and other organelles to one side)

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6
Q

mesenchymal cells

A

can become any other connective tissue cell (help/repair/reproduce)
*stem cells

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7
Q

melanocytes

A

produce melanin

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8
Q

mast cells

A

secrete histamine (inflammatory response)

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9
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that move throughout the body

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10
Q

Connective Tissue fibers (list)

A

collagenous fibers (dense CT, loose CT), elastic fibers, reticular fibers

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11
Q

collagenous fibers

A

tendons/ligaments (white fibers)

  • most abundant
  • thick and thread like (DO NOT BRANCH)
  • flexible but not elastic (bend but don’t stretch) *tensile strength
  • parallel bundle alignment of collagen fibers allows them to withstand tremendous forces
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12
Q

tendons

A

consist almost entirely of collagen fibers

-connect skeletal muscles to bones

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13
Q

ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

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14
Q

elastic fibers

A
  • thin fibers (microfibrils embedded in elastin)
  • BRANCHED
  • very elastic (stretch don’t bend) *not very much strength
  • found in airways subject to stretching (airways/vocal cords)
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15
Q

reticular fibers

A
  • thin but made of collagen (thinner than collagen fibers)
  • HIGHLY BRANCHED
  • form supportive network in tissues that can stabilize the relative positions of an organ’s cells, blood vessels, and nerves despite changing positions and the pull of gravity
  • resist pull in many directions (surrounds and protects many organs)
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16
Q

Types of Connective Tissue (list)

A

Areolar) CT, Adipose Tissue, Reticular CT, Dense CT (dense regular/irregular/elastic)

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17
Q

Areolar CT (loose CT)

A
  • acts as packing material wherever there is open space or gaps (areolar=air/space)
  • a lot of space(matrix) between fibers/mast cells
  • made of fibroblasts that are separated by gel-like matrix
  • contains many blood vessels (source of nutrients for epithelial)
    function: cushions organs, provides support but permits independent movement, phagocytic cells defend against pathogens
    location: deep to the dermis of the skin. covered by the epithelial lining of digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts. between muscles and around joints
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18
Q

Adipose Tissue (loose CT)

A

FAT

  • adipocytes within loose CT (starts out as loose/areolar tissue then fills with adipocytes)
  • stores fat as droplets in cytoplasm
    location: deep in the skin (hypodermis), between muscles, around kidneys, abdominal membrane, around heart *padding around eyes and breasts
    function: cushion, insulate *cells have a hard time metabolizing adipose which is why it is hard to get rid of
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19
Q

Reticular CT (loose CT)

A

thin collagenous fibers that make up a 3-D webbing network (reticular fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages)

  • supporting tissue in walls of organ
    location: liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
    function: provides supporting framework
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20
Q

Loose CT

A

more loose fibers and less fibers

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21
Q

Dense CT

A

large amounts of collagenous fibers (mainly fibroblasts and collagen proteins)

22
Q

Dense regular (dense CT)

A

many fibers densely packed (parallel, not much open space)

  • flexible (strong) *strength in one direction but no stretch or give
  • ordered pattern
    function: provides firm attachment, conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction between muscles, stabilizes bone position
    location: tendons/ligaments
23
Q

Dense irregular (dense CT)

A

same as dense regular except no ordered pattern

  • will give strength in many directions (reinforces structures that receive stress from many directions)
    location: capsules of internal organs, nerve and muscle sheaths, dermis, periosteum, and perichondria
    function: provides strength to resist forces applied from many directions, helps prevent overexpansion of organs such as the urinary bladder
24
Q

periosteum

A

covers all bone surfaces except at joints, where bones come together

25
Q

perichondria

A

connective tissue that envelops cartilage where it is not at a joint (blood vessels found here) *sets apart cartilage from other tissues
-outer layer of cartilage (helps repair and nourish cartilage)

26
Q

Elastic CT (dense CT)

A

made of elastic fibers in parallel strands or branched networks

location: between vertebrae of spinal column, ligaments supporting transitional epithelia, in blood vessel walls
function: stabilizes positions of vertebrae, cushions shock, permits expansion and contraction of organs

27
Q

Blood (fluid CT)

A

matrix is liquid not gel

  • includes RBC, WBC (leukocytes), platelets *these float in matrix
  • made by hematopoietic tissue in red marrow (stem cells)
28
Q

plasma

A

watery matrix of blood

29
Q

red blood cells

A

responsible for the transport of oxygen/carbon dioxide in the blood

30
Q

white blood cells (leukocytes)

A

help defend the body from infection and disease

31
Q

platelets

A

function in clotting response that seals leaks in damaged or broken blood vessels

32
Q

Lymph (fluid CT)

A

matrix is lymph fluid (more gel like *viscous)

  • formed when interstitial fluid enters lymph vessels
  • consists of lymphocytes and WBC that float in matrix (help fight infection)
33
Q

Supporting CT

A

more solid matrix

-cartilage, bones

34
Q

Cartilage (supporting CT)

A

function: support, framework and attachment site, protection, framework for developing bones
composition: collagenous fibers embedded in gel-like matrix *chondrocytes and perichondrium
- doesn’t heal well because not a lot of blood vessels/supply *avascular
- allows the bones to glide over each other with very little friction

35
Q

chondrocytes

A

cartilage cells in lacunae

36
Q

lacunae

A

hollowed-out place or a cavity within a bone (surrounds each individual cell)

37
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

38
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

(most common)

  • closely packed collagenous fibers in matrix
  • cartilage is slippery allowing good movement with bones/joints
  • weakest type of cartilage
    location: ends of bones
    function: growth/repair of bones, reduces friction between bony surfaces
    ex. supporting cartilages along the conducting passageways of the respiratory tract, covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
39
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

matrix is a dense network of elastic fibers

location: back of ear, epiglottis, ear canal, parts of larynx
function: provides support, but tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape

40
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

matrix contains large collagenous fibers

  • shock absorber (strongest type)
    location: pads within knee joint, between pubic bones of pelvis, intervertebral discs
    function: resists compression, prevents bone-to-bone contact, limits relative movement
41
Q

Bone (osseous tissue)

A

most rigid due to salts in matrix plus large amounts of collagen

  • most of bone is matrix
    function: internal support, protection, attachment for muscles, makes blood and stores salts
  • bone heals faster than cartilage because bones have blood vessels
42
Q

Bone composition

A

lamellae, osteocytes, osteon, osteonic canal/central canal, canaliculi

43
Q

lamellae

A

concentric rings around longitudinal tubes (where bone matrix is deposited) *individual ring inside each osteon

44
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cells found in lacunae, evenly spaced (mostly made of matrix *osteocytes are far between each other)

45
Q

canaliculi

A

cytoplasmic projections extending into matrix that allow osteocytes to communicate with blood vessels running through the osteonic canal

46
Q

osteon

A

(all of lamellae)

  • blood vessels run through the center of the osteon (osteonic canal)
  • osteocytes + intercellular material around osteonic canal
47
Q

central osteonic canal

A

contains blood vessels (artery/veins/nerves)

48
Q

CT framework of body (list)

A

superficial fascia, deep fascia, subserous fascia

49
Q

Superficial fascia

A

insulation and padding

  • areolar/adipose tissue (hypodermis)
  • between skin and underlying organs
  • areolar tissue and adipose tissue
  • also known as subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
50
Q

Deep fascia

A

collagenous tissue, connects to coverings of organs and muscle (bound to capsules, tendons, ligaments

  • forms a strong, fibrous internal framework
  • dense connective tissue
  • bound to capsules, tendons, ligaments
51
Q

Subserous fascia

A

loose CT between deep and serous membrane (areolar CT)

-connects serous membrane to deep fascia

General Anatomy (11 decks)

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