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CompTIA A+ 1101 (Core 1) > 4.2 Summarize aspects of clientside virtualization > Flashcards

4.2 Summarize aspects of clientside virtualization Flashcards

1
Q

What does virutalization do?

A

Uses a software layer to separate software environments from each other & the hardware

Software environments like the OS, drivers, & applications

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2
Q

How are computers able to run multiple OSs simultaneously?

A

Through virtualiztation, using a hypervisor

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3
Q

What is a hypervisor?

A

Software that allows multiple OSs to run simultaneously on a single computer

These OSs would be called guest OSs or virtual machines

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4
Q

How does a hypervisor prevent conflicts between guest OSs/VMs?

A

By emulating resources & managing access to system hardware

Emulating resources like CPU, memory, & storage

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5
Q

What do VMs/guest OSs require for emulated hardware components?

A

Drivers

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6
Q

What limitation might a hypervisor have?

A

The types of guest OSs it can support

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7
Q

2 ways to implement a hypervisor?

A
  • Guest OS (Type 2)
  • Bare Metal (Type 1)
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8
Q

How is a Guest OS (Type 2) hypervisor implemented?

Examples of Type 2 hypervisors include, VMware Workstation, Oracle VirtualBox, & Parallels Workstation

A

Installed onto a host OS

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9
Q

What resources are needed for a Type 2 hypervisor?

A
  • Host OS
  • Hypervisor
  • Guest OS(s)
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10
Q

How is a Bare Metal (Type 1) hypervisor implemented?

Examples of Type 1 hypervisors include VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, & Critix XenServer

A

Installed directly on the computer without a host OS

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11
Q

What resources are needed for a Type 1 hypervisor?

A
  • Hypervisor
  • Guest OS(s)
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12
Q

What does client-side virtualization refer to?

A

Virtualization solutions that run on regular desktops/workstations

Its often used for testing & development

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13
Q

What are 4 uses of client-side virtualization?

A
  • Sandbox
  • Legacy Software Support
  • Cross-Platform Virtualization
  • Training
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14
Q

What is a sandbox used for in client-side virtualizatin?

A

To create an isolated environemtn to analyze malware

i.e. viruses, worms, & trojans.

As the malware is contained within the guest OS, it can’t infect the researchers computer or network

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15
Q

How does client-side virtualization support legacy software?

A

By running old OS & software on a VM when the host computer is upgraded

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16
Q

What is cross-platform virtualization used for?

A

Testing software apps under different OSs &/or resource constraints

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17
Q

How is client-side virtualization used for training?

A

Sets up lab environments for students to practice without affecting the main system

Changes can be discarded after use

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18
Q

What is does server-side virtualization refer to?

A

Running a server role as a VM

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19
Q

Main benefit of server-side virtualization for server computers & apps?

A

It allows for improved hardware utilization by consolidating servers

This means that multiple virtual servers can run on a single physical server, allowing for more efficient use of hardware resources and reducing the need for multiple physical servers.

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20
Q

How many virtual servers can usually be run on a server without losing performance?

A

8-9 additional virtual servers

This is because the typical resource utilization of a hardware servier is about 10%, implying that a server computercould be packed with 8-9 server software instances while retaining the same performance

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21
Q

What does application virtualization allow clients to do?

A

Access/stream apps from a server

This ensures the app is always updated

Examples of application virtualization solutions include Citrix XenApp, Microsoft App-V, & VMware ThinApp

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22
Q

Main benefit of application virtualization for programmers & admins?

A

It ensures the app is always updated with the latest code

23
Q

Are hypervisors used in container virtualization?

A

No

24
Q

Where are resources isolated in container virtualization?

A

At the OS level

Rather than at the hypervisor level (since hypervisors aren’t used)

25
Q

What resources is allocated to each container in container virtualization?

A

CPU & memory resources

All processes run through the native OS kernel

26
Q

Can containers run guest OSs of different types?

(in container virtualization)

A

No

i.e. you can’t run Windows or Ubuntu in a RedHat Linux container)

27
Q

Can containers run different OS distributions?

(in container virtualization)

A

Yes

This means that containers can use different versions of the same OS

28
Q

What can containers run besides different OS distributions?

(in container virtualization)

A

Separate application processes with their required variables & libraries

For example, you could have one container running a web server application and another container running a database application, each with their own specific settings and dependencies. It’s like packaging an app along with everything it needs to run independently within its own container. This isolation ensures that the application runs consistently across different environments without affecting other applications running on the same system

29
Q

What is a well-known container virtuliazation product?

A

Docker

30
Q

How is conternization used in mobile devices?

A

To implement corporate workspaces

31
Q

How do containers differ from VMs?

A

Virtualizing the OS & offering lightweight application isolation

VMs virtualize the hardware, creating a full virtual copy of a physical machine with its own OS. This allows running multiple VMs on a single physical machine, each with its own OS & apps. VMs are isolated from each other & provide strong security bounderies.

Containers virtualize the OS, allowing multiple containers to run on a single OS instance. Containers share the host OS kernel but are isolated from each other at the application level. They’re lightweight, start quickly, & consume fewer resources compared to VMs

32
Q

What is Intel’s technology for virtualization called?

A

VT-x (Virtualization Technology)

33
Q

What is AMDs technology for virtualization called?

A

AMD-V

34
Q

Why is Second Level Address Translations (SLAT) important?

A

It improves virtual memory performance with multiple VMs

35
Q

What is Intel’s implementation of SLAT called?

SLAT = Second level Address Translations

A

EPT (Extended Page Table)

36
Q

What is AMD’s implementation of SLAT called?

SLAT = Second level Address Translations

A

RVI (Rapid Virtualization Indexing)

37
Q

What must be enabled in the CPU for optimal virtualization performance?

A

Virtualization support (Intel VT-x or AMD-V) & SLAT

SLAT = Second level Address Translations

38
Q

What should be checked when specifying a computer for virtualization?

A

ensure CPU supports Intel VT-x or AMD-V & SLAT

Also ensure that they’re enabled

39
Q

How do multiple CPU resources benefit virtualization?

Whether it be through multiple physical processors, multi-core, or Hyperthreading

A

They greatly improve performance

Especiall when running more than 1 guest OS concurrently

40
Q

In virtualizaiton, what’s required for each guest OS in terms of memory?

A

Sufficient memory over & above what is required by the host OS/hypervisor

i.e. if Windows 10 needs atleast 2GB of memory, the virtualization workstation must have atleast 4GB RAM to run the host OS & 1 Windows 10 guest OS. Running multiple guest OSs will quickly increase memory demands. For development & testing, you might get by with less memory since performance is less critical

41
Q

How is a VM’s “hard disk” stored on the host?

A

As an image file

in an enterprise environment, disk images can be stored in a SAN

42
Q

what format do most hypervisors use for VM disk images?

A

A dynamically expanding image format

It grows as files are added to the guest OS

43
Q

Why is more disk space needed for VM snapshots?

A

To save & roll back the VM to a previous state

44
Q

What kind of network can hypervisors create?

A

Virtual network where VMs communicate with each other & with the host

This type of network can also connect VMs on different hosts

In enterprise environments, you can configure virtual switches & routers for more complext networking

45
Q

What’s a common solution for patching VMs in most environments?

A

Patching & testing a new template image, then deploying it

A template image is a pre-configured virtual machine image used as a baseline for creating new instances in a virtualized environment. It includes the necessary operating system, software, configurations, and settings for a specific use case. Updating a master VM template with patches and security updates, testing it, and deploying new instances is a common solution for patching VMs in many environments.

46
Q

What are virtualization-specific security solutions?

A

Security apps that run through the host or hypervisor

VMware NSX is an example of a virtualization-specific security solution. VMware NSX is a network virtualization and security platform that offers micro-segmentation to secure traffic between virtual machines. It enables organizations to create application-based security policies and isolate workloads to prevent threat lateral movement.

47
Q

Why wont host antivirus software detect viruses in a guest OS?

A

It doesnt scan the virtual disks of the guest OS

If the virtual disks of a guest OS are scanned, it can cause serious performance problems

48
Q

What is a major security concern with developing, testing, and deploying VM template images?

A

The creation of unathorized VMs, known as rogue VMs

Management procedures for developing and deploying VM images need to be strict and monitored. When being developed, VMs should conform to an application-specific template with minimum configuration needed

49
Q

What is VM sprawl?

A

The uncontrolled deployment of more & more VMs

50
Q

How can rogue VMs be detected?

A

via system management software

51
Q

Why should VM images be developed & stored securely?

A

To avoid malware insertion

52
Q

Why is the host a security vulnerabilty in a virtual platform?

A

It acts as a single point of failure

i.e. if the host fails or loses power, all guest OSs & their services will go offline

53
Q

What must be monitored for security vulnerabilities besides the guest OS and host machine?

A

Hypervisor

54
Q

What is virtual machine escaping?

A

Malware on a guest OS jumping to another guest or the host

The hypervisor can be protected from security vulnerabilities by keeping it up to date with patches for critical vulnerabilities

CompTIA A+ 1101 (Core 1) (28 decks)

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