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BIO122 > 4.3: Carbohydrates > Flashcards

4.3: Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are the other names of carbohydrates?

A

Saccharides / sugars

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2
Q

What elements are in carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Has carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups

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3
Q

What are the examples of carbohydrates?

A

Sugar, glycogen, starch, and cellulose

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4
Q

Give two functions of carbohydrates

A
  1. Sugar - an accessible source and store of energy in humans and animals
  2. Starch - common as food storage in plants
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5
Q

What are disaccharide carbohydrates?

A

Maltose, sucrose, galactose

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6
Q

What are polysaccharide carbohydrates?

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

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7
Q

What are the descriptions of monosaccharide carbohydrates?

A
  1. The simplest carbohydrates, cannot be hydrolysed
  2. All are reducing sugars
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8
Q

What are the chemical properties of monosaccharide carbohydrates?

A
  1. Sweet
  2. Are solid crystalline
  3. Soluble in water
  4. Has a low molecular mass
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9
Q

What are the descriptions of disaccharide carbohydrates?

A

Consists of two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond (C-O-C) by condensation

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10
Q

What are the chemical properties of disaccharide carbohydrates?

A
  1. Small, sweet
  2. Solid crystalline
  3. Soluble in water
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11
Q

What is the function of maltose?

A

Malt sugar in germinating barley grains

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12
Q

What is the function of sucrose?

A

Sugar cane; main sugar form that is transported in plants

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13
Q

What is the function of lactose?

A

Milk sugars; found in the milk of mammals and are a source of energy

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14
Q

What is a reducing sugar?

A

Sugar that can reduce Cu2+ ion into Cu+

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15
Q

Give examples of reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars

A

Reducing sugars: monosaccharides, maltose, lactose

Non-reducing sugars: sucrose

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16
Q

What are the descriptions of polysaccharide carbohydrates?

A

A combination of many monosaccharides (more than two) by condensation

17
Q

How are polysaccharide carbohydrates structured?

A

Variable in length, branched or unbranched, folded, straight, or coiled

18
Q

What are the chemical properties of polysaccharide carbohydrates?

A
  1. Large
  2. Not sweet
  3. Insoluble in water
19
Q

Give examples of polysaccharide carbohydrates

A

Storage polysaccharides: cellulose, starch, glycogen

Structured polysaccharides: modified glucose

Peptidoglycan - bacterial cell wall

Chitin - fungal cell wall and exoskeleton of insects

20
Q

What is the most abundant natural polymer?

A

Cellulose

BIO122 (13 decks)

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