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Paraklinik > Patologi > Flashcards

Patologi Flashcards

1
Q

Hvad skal forholdet mellem citrat og blod være?

A

1:9

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2
Q

Hvad binder EDTA til?

A

Divalente cationer

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3
Q

Hvad binder citrat til?

A

Ca2++

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4
Q

Hvad undersøger man i erythrogramet i profil 2?

A

Erythrocyt count(RBC), Haemaglubin(Hgb), Haematocrit(PCV) and Morphology.

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5
Q

Hvad undersøger man i leukogramet i profil 2?

A

Total leucocyte count, leukocyt differential tælling og morfologi.

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6
Q

Hvad er den største årsag til forøget hematokrit?

A

dehydrering

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7
Q

Hvad står MCV for?

A

Mean Cell Volumen: Den gennemsnitlige størrelse af de røde blodlegemer.

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8
Q

Normal fysiologisk: Hvor mange procent af hundens rødeblodlegemer er til et hvilket som helst givent tidspunkt reticulucytter?

A

1,5%

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9
Q

Hvad er Heinz Bodies?

A

Denatureret heamaglubin placere i siden af cellen(ligner en næse). Ses normalt på kattes RBC.

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10
Q

Hvilke typer retikulocytter findes i katten?

A

Der findes både punktat og aggragat.

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11
Q

Hvordan skelner man mellem punktat og aggragat i katten?

A

Punktat har sporadisk placerede intracellulærer granula af chromatin(dna). Punktat reticulucytter kan være forhøjede i uger.

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12
Q

Hvornår ses spherocytter?

A

Ved immunmedieret phagocytose(IHA).

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13
Q

Makrocytter er ofte?

A

Retikulucyter

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14
Q

Hvad er Howell-Jolly bodies?

A

RNA-rester i cytoplaser

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15
Q

Hvilke “pools” af neutrofile findes i kredsløbet?

A

Den cirkulerede pool og den marginale

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16
Q

Hvor lang tid lever neutrofile i vævet?

A

1-4 dage.

17
Q

Hvor lang tid lever opholder neutrofile sig i blodet?

A

10 timer.

18
Q

Hvad karakterisere et regenerativt left shift?

A

Segmenterede > bands

19
Q

Hvad karakterisere et degenerativt left shift?

A

bands > segmenterede

20
Q

Hvordan ændres neutrofil-poolen i kredsløbet ifm. stress, adrenalin eller iatrogen cushing?

A

Marginalpoolen bliver cirkulerende. MNP->CNP

21
Q

Hvor modnes lymfocytter?

A

I thymus og lymfeknuder.

22
Q

Hvilken type lymfocytter er der flest af?

A

T-lymfocytter.

23
Q

Hvornår ses lymfocytosis

A

Chronic inflammation, fight & flight, adrenalin injektion, neoplasm(Felv, Lymfoma, leukemi).

24
Q

Hvad dækker CBC

A

Total protein, Erytrogram, Leukogram & Thrombogram

25
Q

Hvornår ses maximalt respons(reticulocytter) efter blodtab i hund?

A

5 dage efter blodtab ses flest reticulocytter.

26
Q

Hvornår ses maximalt respons(reticulocyter) efter blodtab i kat?

A

4 dage efter blodtab ses flest reticulocytter

27
Q

Ved vurdering af anæmi (hund og kat) kigger man efter?

A
  1. polykromatofile 2. retikulocytter
28
Q

Hvad karakteriserer et klassisk stress leukogram?

A

Neutrofili(matur), lymfopeni, monocytose.

29
Q

Hvad er årsagen til hypochrome celler?

A

jern mangel

30
Q

Hvornår ses normo-chrom anæmi?

A

non-regenerativ anæmi

31
Q

Hvornår ses reticulocytter?

A

Regeneration PCV.

32
Q

Hvad echinocytter?

A

Typisk artefact, ses i forskellige sammenhæng og tillægges ingen klinisk relevans.

33
Q

Hvad ses her?

A

Echinocytter - har ingen klinisk relevans

34
Q

Hvad ses her?

A

Döhle bodies i a neutrophil. The presence of Döhle bodies in mature and immature neutrophils on a blood smear can be normal if they are present only in small numbers. They are also normally more abundant in cats and horses. Döhle bodies are intra-cytoplasmic structures composed of agglutinated ribosomes; they will increase in number with inflammation and increased granulocytopoiesis. If there are many neutrophils in the bloodstream containing Döhle bodies, these can be referred to as toxic neutrophils. Toxic neutrophils can also correspond to neutrophils that possess a more basophilic cytoplasm, basophilic granulation (infrequently observed), or cytoplasmic vacuoles in addition to one of the preceding cytoplasmic changes.

35
Q

hvad ses her?

A

Toxisk neutrofil

Paraklinik (6 decks)

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