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histology (E1 Woods) > lect 26 & 27 (T3): integument > Flashcards

lect 26 & 27 (T3): integument Flashcards

1
Q

what does the dermis of the skin correspond to

A

lamina propria of a mucous membrane

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2
Q

what are characteristics of the primary dermal ridge

A

related to finger prints
found everywhere except forehead, external ear, perineum, and scrotum
formed during 3rd to 4th months of fetal life
subdivided into 2 secondary dermal ridges by inter papillary peg

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3
Q

what is the inter papillary peg

A

downward growth of epidermis along crest

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4
Q

what are characteristics of the secondary dermal ridge

A

occur in double rows, branched

thin, collagenous, reticular and elastic fibers

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5
Q

what is the dermal papillae

A

upward projections from each secondary dermal ridge

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6
Q

what are characteristics of thick skin

A

occurs only on palms and soles and is hairless

displays all 5 epidermal layers

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7
Q

what are characteristics of thin skin

A 
occurs over rest of body
thinnest in eyelids
thickest on back
thicker on extensor surfaces than flexor
epidermal layers less distinct and lacking stratum lucidum
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8
Q

what are the layers of the epidermis

A 
stratum basale (deepest)
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum (represented by only a few cells in thin skin)
stratum lucidum (absent in thin skin)
stratum corenum (most superficial)
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9
Q

what types of cells are in the stratum basale

A

single layer cells held together by desmosomes (hemidesmosomes hold layer to basal lamina)

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10
Q

what does mitotic activity in the stratum basal produce

A

stem cells differentiating keratinocytes

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11
Q

what type of cells are in the stratum spinosum

A

polyhedral shaped cells (prickle cells)

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12
Q

what keratins are in stratum spinosum

A

keratins 1 and 10 (high molecule weight)

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13
Q

what keratins are in stratum basale

A

keratins 5 and 14 (low molecular weight0

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14
Q

what do the lamellar bodies in stratum spinosum contain

A

lipid, carbs, and hydrolytic enzymes

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15
Q

what do tonofibrils do

A

form intercellular bridges

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16
Q

what are characteristics of stratum granulosum

A 
multilayerd
keratins 2e and 9
flattened nucleated keratinocytes
keratohylain aggregates
membrane-coating granules (lamellar bodies) 
tonofilaments
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17
Q

keratokyalin aggregates do what

A

filagrin induces cross-linkage of keratin filaments by disulfide bonds
no limiting membrane

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18
Q

what are characteristic lucidum

A

flat keratinocytes lacking nuclei and organelles
only found in thick skin
contains eleiden

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19
Q

what are characteristics of stratum corneum

A

multilayered
thicker in thick skin
enucleated, flattened, dead keratinocytes
cytoplasm replaced by keratin
cytoplasm contains: keratin cross-linked with filaggrin (cornified cell envelope)

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20
Q

what are the layers of the cornfield cell envelope

A

extracellular: muti-lamellar lipid layer covalently linked to involucrine
intracellular: involucrine, small proline-rich proteins, loricrin, fillagrin and keratin complex

21
Q

what do tight junctions in the stratum granulosum contain

A

claudin-1 and claudin-4 (components of the permeability barrier)

22
Q

what are dermis characteristics

A

dense fibrous irregular CT layer beneath epidermis
derived from embryonic mesoderm
induces development of epidermis and epidermal derivatives
supports epidermis

23
Q

hypodermis characteristics

A

loose CT that underlies dermis
corresponds to superficial fascia of gross anatomy
technically not part of skin
may contain fat cells that can form a thick layer called the panniculus adiposus

24
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermi

A

papillary and reticular layer

25
Q

why are characteristics of papillary layer of ddermis

A

loose CT
separated from epidermis by basal lamina
network of fine elastic fibers and abundant capillaries

26
Q

what are characteristics of reticular layer of dermis

A

dense irregular CT

includes fibrocytes, macrophages, and adipocytes

27
Q

where do langerhans cells come from

A

monocytes

28
Q

where do langerhans cells migrate from and to

A

migrate from epidermis to lymph nodes

29
Q

where are merkel cells usually located

A

stratum germinativum

30
Q

what does the periderm slough off to form

A

vernix caseosa

31
Q

what does the inner cuboidal germinal layer of the epidermis proliferate to form

A

adult layers of the epidermis and derivatives

32
Q

what is the dermis derived from

A

mesoderm

33
Q

what are characteristics of sebaceous glands

A

holocrine glands
branched acinar glands with short ducts
found everywhere except palms and soles
continuously produce sebum (release into hair follicle)
growth is stimulated at puberty by sex hormones

34
Q

what are characteristics of sweat (sudoriferous glands)

A

both merocrine and apocrine glands

35
Q

what are characteristics of merocrine glands

A

coiled, simple tubular secretory portions lined by simple epithelium
apical dark secretory cells secrete glycoproteins
basal clear cells secrete water and electrolytes
myoepithelial cells
duct system
cholinergic endings

36
Q

what does the duct system of merocrine glands consist of

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium except in epidermis

37
Q

where are apocrine glands found

A

labia majora, areola, and axillary and anal regions

38
Q

where do the excretory duct open into for apocrine glands

A

hair follicle

39
Q

when do apocrine glands become active

A

puberty

40
Q

what are the special types of sweat (sudoriferous) glands

A

ceruminous glands

glands of moll

41
Q

how do apical dark cells secrete glycoproteins

A

by exocytosis (merocrine secretion)

42
Q

what are the components of a hair follicle

A

root, free shaft, hair follicle

43
Q

what are characteristics of a hair bulb

A

expanded lower part of hair follicle
matrix
vascularized dermal papilla

44
Q

what is the external root sheath of hair follicle

A

down growth of epidermis

45
Q

what is the internal root sheath of the hair follicle generated by

A

bulb matrix

46
Q

what are the layers of the internal root sheath of hair follicle

A

Henle’s layer
huxley’s layer
cuticle (interlocks with cuticle of hair shaft)

47
Q

what are the layers of the hair shaft

A

medula (innermost)
cortex
cuticle

48
Q

where do the edges of the cuticle of the hair shaft tend to point

A

downward

histology (E1 Woods) (22 decks)

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