Lecture 8 Flashcards
leadership
as kind of property that people do or do not possess
what is leadership
- The ability to influence a group toward the achievemt of goals
- “A process of social influence in which one person is able to enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a task”
leadership and management are both necessary for organizational succes.
What is management?
Use of authority inherent in designated formal rank to obtain compliance from organizational members.
Trait Theories of Leadership
- Theories that consider personality, social, physical, or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from non-leaders
- personality is not very predictive
- But Big 5 personality framework
- Emotional intelligence (Qualfied)
- Self-Monitoring
Physical traits of the trait theories of leadership
Height, gender, face, hair, age, weight, etc
Height is related to Leadership
- Taller people more likely to be leader
- Higher salaries
- More social esteem
Traits can predict leadership, but they are better at predicting leader emergence than effectiveness
Behavioral theories of leadership
Ohio states University
- Initiating structure
- Consideration
University of Michigan
- Employee-oriented
- Production -oriented
The dimentions of the two studies are very similar
Contingency theories
It depends on the environment
three key theories
- Fiedler’s Model
- Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory
- Path-Goal Theory
Fiedler model
Started with research on task- and relationship- oriented leaders
Problems
LPC did not predict eader effectiveness reliably
But taking into account the sitation worked:
-Leader-member relations (good vs Bad)
-Task structure (high vs Low)
-Leaders position power (strong vs weak)
Interaction of situation and leader characteristics predicts leader effectiveness
Positives and negatives about the Fiedler’s Model
Positive
-Considerable evidence supports the model, especially if the original eight situations are grouped into three
problems
- logic behind LPC scale is not well understood
- LPC sciores are not stable
- Contingency variables are complec and hard to determine
Behavioural theory of Charisma
- Change-oriented (discrepant) vision
- Role mmodel - high personal risks, self-sacrifice
- Unconventional actions
- Environmental sensitivity
- Portray: status quo =negative, future = postive
- Self-donfidence, motivation to lead
Charismatic effectiveness and situation
Works best when:
- The follower’s task had an ideological component
- There is a lot og stress and uncertainty i the environment
- The leader is at the upperlevel of the organisation
- Followers have low self-esteem and self-worth
Transactional & transformational Leadership
Transactional leaders
-Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the directio of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements
Transformational leaders
-inspire followers to transcent their own self-interests fot the good of the organisation; they can have a profound and extraordiary effect on followers
They are complementary not opposing approaches to leadership
-Great transfformational leaders must also be transactional; only one type is enough for succes
