Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio Exam 3 > 46 - Sarcoidosis Case Study > Flashcards

46 - Sarcoidosis Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Sarcoidosis is the growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells in different parts of your body — most commonly the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes and skin.

An inflammatory process that produces granulomas, which may be in various organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes the symptoms of sarcoidosis?

A

The symptoms of sarcoidosis stem from the clumping of granulomas, which affect its ability to function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What groups of people are affected by sarcoidosis most commonly?

A

More common in African Americans

  • AA: 40/100,000
  • White: 1/100,000

More common in young people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two phases of sarcoidosis?

A

Active and inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the active phase of sarcoidosis

A

Active phase: the granulomas form and grow in this phase, symptoms develop and scar tissue can form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the inactive phase of sarcoidosis

A

Inactive phase: inflammation subsides, the granulomas shrink or stay the same size. But the scars remain and continue to produce symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the five disease stages of sarcoidosis?

A 
Stage 0
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe stage 0 of sarcoidosis

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe stage I of sarcoidosis

A

Isolated bilateral thoracic lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy = enlarged lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe stage II of sarcoidosis

A

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy plus lung parenchymal infiltration

Lymphadenopathy = enlarged lymph nodes
Parenchymal infiltration = lung tissue edema accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe stage III of sarcoidosis

A

Parenchymal infiltration

Parenchymal infiltration = lung tissue edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe stage IV of sarcoidosis

A

Advanced parenchymal disease, including overt pulmonary fibrosis

The inflammatory process and edema leads to fibrosis of lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the pulmonary symptoms associated with sarcoidosis?

A
  • Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dry cough
  • Wheezing
  • Pain in the chest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the progression of chest cavity symptoms

A

There is a slow progression of manifestations in the chest cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the lymph nodes in sarcoidosis?

A
  • Enlarged tender lymph nodes (present within the neck, chest, chin, armpits, and groin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the skin in sarcoidosis? What is the name for it?

A 
Erythema nodosum
- Various types of bumps, ulcers (present near the nose, eyes, back, arms, legs, and scalp) usually itchy
painful bumps (at the ankles and shin)

This is very NON-specific… Occurs in many different disorders

17
Q

What do we call the skin condition in sarcoidosis if it becomes disfiguring?

A

Lupus pernio

- disfiguring sores (nasal passages, cheeks, ears, eyelids, and fingers)

18
Q

What do we see in sarcoidosis when there is ocular involvement?

A
  • Optic neuritis
  • Keratoconjunctivitis
  • Uveitis
19
Q

What is uveitis?

A
  • Burning, itching, tearing, pain
  • Red eye
  • Sensitivity
  • Dryness
  • Floaters
  • Reduced color vision
20
Q

What types of things would you see if there was liver involvement in sarcoidosis?

A

Liver

  • fever
  • fatigue
  • enlargement
  • pain
21
Q

What types of things would you see if there was heart involvement in sarcoidosis?

A

Heart

  • irregular heartbeat (arrythmias), CHF
  • loss of consciousness
  • swelling of legs
  • sudden death
22
Q

What types of things would you see if there was musculoskeleteal involvement in sarcoidosis?

A

Musculoskeletal

  • joint stiffness and swelling
  • joint pain
  • muscle aches
  • muscle pain
  • painful arthritis (clears up in weeks)
  • painless arthritis (last months-years)
23
Q

What types of things would you see if there was bone involvement in sarcoidosis?

A

Bone

  • painless lesions in the bone
  • painless swelling (fingers)
  • anemia
24
Q

What types of things would you see if there was nervous system involvement in sarcoidosis?

A

Nervous system

  • headaches
  • weakness and numbness
  • symptoms resembling Bells palsy
  • paralysis
25
Q

What is an uncommon but serious manifestation of sarcoidosis?

A

Neuro-sarcoidosis is an uncommon but serious manifestation of sarcoidosis, affecting about 5-10% of patients

26
Q

What are the most common manifestations of neuro-sarcoidosis?

A

Neuro-sarcoidosis

  • myelopathy (pathology of the spinal cord)
  • cranial neuropathy (i.e. Bells palsy)
  • encephalopathy (pathology of the brain)
27
Q

What is Heerfordt syndrome?

A
  • Uveitis
  • Parotid gland enlargement
  • Fever
  • Cranial neuropathy (CN VII usually)
28
Q

What types of tests would you order for a patient who you suspected sarcoidosis?

A
  • CBC with diff
  • Sed rate
  • Chest x-ray
29
Q

What are you looking for on a CBC?

A

White blood cell count

  • Normal is 4-11
  • Elevation means there is an infectious process going on
30
Q

What is a sed rate?

A

A sedimentation rate is common blood test that is used to detect and monitor inflammation in the body

31
Q

What would you be looking for on a chest x-ray?

A
  • Granulomas
  • Inflammation
  • Hilar fullness
32
Q

What other tests might you order further on?

A
  • CT scan

- Mediastinoscopy with lymph node and lung biopsy

33
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis?

A

Lung biopsy - then you can really see what is going on

34
Q

What are possible causes of sarcoidosis?

A
  • Genetic
  • Infectious
  • Vitamin D dysregulation
  • Hyperprolactinemia
  • Autoimmune

It could be one or multiple of these disease processes… Unsure

35
Q

What infectious agent can be isolated in sarcoidosis?

A

Propinonobacterium

36
Q

What vitamin D dysreculation can occur

A

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Cardio Exam 3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions