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Anatomy > Lab 5 (Unit 2) > Flashcards

Lab 5 (Unit 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Flexion

A

bending limb

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2
Q

Extension

A

extending limb

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3
Q

Abduction

A

moving body part away from midline

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4
Q

Adduction

A

moving body part towards midline

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5
Q

Rotation

A

around axis

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6
Q

Cirumduction

A

360 degrees of motion

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7
Q

Supination

A
  • palm up

- radius parallel to ulna

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8
Q

Pronation

A
  • palm down

- radius crossed over ulna

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9
Q

What do all synovial joints have?

A
  • fibrous layer
  • synovial membrane
  • joint cavity with synovial fluid
  • articular cartilage
  • ligaments
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10
Q

Knee Joint

A
  • hinge

- two menisci stabilize joint (external and internal)

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11
Q

Where is the medial collateral ligament?

A
  • between tibia and femur

- creates part of external meniscus for knee joint

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12
Q

Where is the lateral collateral ligament?

A
  • between the fibula and femur

- creates part of external meniscus

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13
Q

What ligaments make up the internal meniscus for the knee joint?

A
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • posterior cruciate ligament
  • both make an x
  • attach to femur and tibia
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14
Q

Pectoral Girlle

A

-made of left and right scapulae and clavicle
-scapulae don’t join axial skeleton just loosely articulate with clavicle
>highly flexible but not very stable

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15
Q

Scapula

A
  • on dorsal surface of ribcage
  • borders: superior, medial, and lateral
  • Glenoid fossa articulates with humerus to equal shoulder joint
  • coracoid process is where bicep muscle attaches
  • acromion articulates with lateral acromial at the end of clavicle
  • infraspinous, supraspinous, subscapularis fossae hold muscles
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16
Q

Clavicle

A

-extends horizontally across superior thorax
-medially: medial sternal end attaches to manubrium of sternum
-laterally: lateral acromial end articulates with process of scapula
-function:
>provide muscle attachment
>act as brace for scapula and arms
>transmit compression forces from arms to axial skeleton

17
Q

Arm: How many bones and how is it broken up?

A
  • 30 bones
  • Arm= brachium/humerus
  • Forearm= antebrachium/radius and ulna
  • Hand= carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
18
Q

Humerus

A
  • largest and longest bone of upper limbs
  • head articulates with scapula at glenoid fossa
  • distal end articulates with radius and ulna
  • tubercles are site of muscle attachment
  • most frequent fractures occur at the surgical neck
19
Q

Radius

A
  • primary forearm bone that contributes to the wrist

- components: head, radial tuberosity, shaft, styloid process

20
Q

Carpals

A
  • 8 in the wrist
  • arranged in two rows
  • gliding movement at articulations
  • scaphoid is fractured the most frequently
21
Q

Metacarpals

A
  • 5

- contain: head, shaft, base

22
Q

Phalanges

A

-proximal, middle, distal

23
Q

Pollex

A
  • thumb

- only proximal and distal phalanges

24
Q

Pelvis

A
  • ossa coxae + sacrum + coccyx = pelvis
  • both axial and appendicular skeleton
  • attaches lower limb to spine and supports viscera
  • strong attachment to axial skeleton at sacroiliac joint
  • less freedom of movement relative to pectoral girdle
25
Q

Os coxae

A
  • made of: ilium, ischium, pubis which fuse by adulthood
  • acetabulum is socket that receives the head of the femur: COMPOSED OF ALL THREE BONES
  • two hip bones join anteriorly at pubic symphysis
26
Q

Pelvic Outlet

A

defined by ischial tuberosities

27
Q

Pelvic Inlet

A
  • defines boundary between pelvic and abdominal cavities

- pelvic brim defines edge of pelvic inlet

28
Q

Femur

A
  • neck is weakest part
  • lateral and medial condyles articulate with tibia
  • patellar surface separates condyles anteriorly
  • greater and lesser trochanters are sites of muscle attachment
  • linea aspera = ridge along posterior shaft (used for muscle attachment
29
Q

Patella

A
  • sesamoid bone = formed with connective tissue and enclosed in tendon
  • protects knee joint
  • improves leverage of quadriceps muscle
30
Q

Tibia

A
  • receives weight of body and transmits it to foot
  • medial and lateral condyles articulate with condyle of femur
  • shaft of tibia is triangular
  • distal end is flattened for articulation with talus
  • medial malleouls projects to form ankle bone
31
Q

Fibula

A
  • thin

- does not articulate with femur and is only for stabilization of ankle

32
Q

Foot

A
  • supports weight of body
  • acts as lever for moving body
  • 7 tarsal bones
  • 5 metatarsal bones
  • 14 phalanges
33
Q

Hallus

A

big toe

34
Q

Tarsal

A
  • body weight carried by talus and calcaneus
  • talus articulates with tibia and fibula anteriorly and calcaneus inferiorly
  • calcaneus = heel
  • achilles tendon attaches to posterior surface and enables extension of foot

Anatomy (10 decks)

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