4B Religious identity through diversity in Eucharist Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important sacrament?

A

• The Eucharist

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2
Q

What is the English translation of the Greek, ‘Eucharist’?

A

• Thanksgiving

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3
Q

What are four other names for the Eucharist?

A
  • Mass
  • Holy Communion
  • Lord’s Supper
  • Divine Liturgy
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4
Q

Rather than ‘doing’ or ‘carrying out’ the Eucharist, what do Christians do?

A

• ‘Celebrate’ the Eucharist

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5
Q

What did Jesus say regarding the bread?

A

• “This is my body”

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6
Q

What did Jesus say regarding the wine?

A

• “This is my blood”

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7
Q

Give the quote from 1 Corinthians 11:26.

A

• “For as long as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes”

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8
Q

What does the Eucharist provide to the soul?

A

• Spiritual sustenance

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9
Q

What is the Eucharist? (seven points)

A
  • The physical re-enactment of Jesus’ last supper
  • A meal which has the real presence of Jesus
  • A source of grace to which all believers are invited
  • A memorial of Jesus’ last hours on earth
  • A celebration of Jesus’ resurrection
  • A symbolic reminder of God’s love for humankind
  • A fellowship or ‘communion’ of Christians
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10
Q

What are the three Roman Catholic understandings of the Eucharist?

A
  • Transubstantiation (approved)
  • Transfiguration (condemned)
  • Transfinalisation (condemned)
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11
Q

What is transubstantiation?

A
  • ‘Transformation of the substance’

* When consecrated by an ordaned priest, the bread and wine are changed into the actual body and blood of Christ

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12
Q

When was the term ‘transubstantiation’ coined and by whom?

A
  • 11th C.

* Hildebert de Lavardin

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13
Q

Who reaffirmed transubstantiation?

A
  • The 1551 Council of Trent

* “wonderful and singular conversion”

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14
Q

What do the Orthodox church believe in?

A
  • ‘transelementation’ or ‘re-ordination’
  • Similar to transubstantiation
  • The change = a ‘divine mystery’
  • They consume ‘mysteriously’
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15
Q

Who put forward the idea of transignification?

A

• Edward Schillebeeckx

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16
Q

What is transignification?

A

• When consecrated, the bread and wine take on the real significance of Christ’s body/blood, but are not chemically changed
∴ sacramentally, not physically present

17
Q

What two concepts related to psychological reality does transignification draw upon?

A
  • ‘Signifier’ and ‘signified’: signifier = the substance of the bread/wine; signified = substance of body/blood
  • ‘Local’ and ‘personal’ presence: Jesus = personally, not locally present
18
Q

Who put forward the idea of transfinalisation?

A

• Karl Rahner

19
Q

What is transfinalisation?

A
  • The purpose/finality have changed but not the substance
  • They do not become to body/blood but serve the function of conjuring up the faith in the mystery of J’s redemptive love
20
Q

What did Pope Paul VI say about transignification and transfinalisation in his 1965, Mysterium Fidei?

A

• “the spread of these and similar opinions does great harm to belief in and devotion to the Eucharist”

21
Q

What are the three Protestant understandings of the Eucharist?

A
  • Consubstantiation
  • Memorialism
  • Virtualism
22
Q

Who put forward the idea of consubstantiation and why?

A
  • Late 16th C. Protestant reformers

* To challenge the RC understanding of transubstantiation

23
Q

What is consubstantiation?

A

• The bread/wine do not actually change into the body/blood when consecrated; they remain as bread/wine but J = spiritually present “with them and under them”
∴ bread/wine co-exist with body/blood

24
Q

What is the relationship between Martin Luther and consubstantiation?

A

• The term = erroneously employed to designate the view of the Eucharist held by Martin Luther, but it was never used by him + rejected by Lutheran churches as unbiblical

25
Q

What was Luther’s term for the Eucharist and when was the doctrine set out?

A
  • “sacramental union”; asserted the “real presence” of Jesus in the bread/wine
  • Lutheran Augsburg Confession of 1530
26
Q

What does ‘trans’ mean and how is this relevant to transubstantiation?

A
  • ‘across’/’over’

* In t.sub., there is a literal change over in the bread/wine

27
Q

What does ‘con’ mean and how is this relevant to consubstantiation?

A
  • ‘with’

* In c.sub., J co-exists with the bread/wine

28
Q

Who is memorialism associated with?

A

• Huldrych Zwingli

29
Q

What is memorialism?

A
  • The real presence of J in Eucharist = denied
  • The bread/wine do not communicate him to the recipient; they are symbolic representations of his body/blood
  • Luke 22:19 = “Do this in remembrance/memory [anamnesis] of me”
  • A commemorative ceremony
  • J = present in sacrament only to the degree that each individual brings him to mind
30
Q

Who put forward the idea of virtualism?

A

• John Calvin

31
Q

What is virtualism?

A
  • Related to predestination
  • J’s body cannot be present in Eucharist as his body has ascended
  • But, does not deny the presence of J’s unique power (Latin: ‘virtus’) in the bread/wine
  • This power = only received by the elect
32
Q

What is virtualism also known as?

A

• receptionism