4th

Question 1

Where does drug metabolism occur

Answer 1

Liver,intestinal lumen,lung,plasma,skin,kidney

Question 2

The most important reaction in metabolism phase 1

Answer 2

Oxidation by cytochrome p450

Question 3

Most important conjure reaction

Answer 3

Glucuronide conjunction

Question 4

Cytochrome p450 oxidases

Answer 4

Hepatic microsomal enzymes

Question 5

Phase 1 oxidation reaction&raquo_space;xanthine oxidase

Answer 5

Converts xanthine >uric acid

Question 6

Phase 1 oxidation reaction monoamine oxidase

Answer 6

Oxidizes catecholamines & serotonin

Question 7

Phase 1 reduction nitroreductase

Answer 7

> > chloramphenicol

Question 8

Phase 1 reduction carbonyl reductase

Answer 8

> > naloxone

Question 9

Phase 1 hydrolysis cholinestrase

Answer 9

Ach

Question 10

Phase 1 hydrolysis peptidase

Answer 10

> > insulin

Question 11

What consequence of phase 1 occurs with most drugs

Answer 11

Active drugs»>inactive drugs

Question 12

E.g on converting inactive drug(prodrugs)»active drug

Answer 12

Cortisone&raquo_space;cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Question 13

Eg on converting active drug»another active drug

Answer 13

Codeine»morphine

Question 14

E.g on converting active drug&raquo_space;toxic metabolite

Answer 14

Methanol&raquo_space;formaldehyde&raquo_space;retinotoxic
Paracetamol&raquo_space;NAPQI»hepatotoxic

Question 15

Glucuronide conjunction:Drugs that enter the enterohepatic circulation

Answer 15

Estrogen (contraceptive pills are taken once daily)

Question 16

Non-glucuronide conjunction: sulphate formation

Answer 16

Steroids

Question 17

Non-glucuronide conjunction: glycine conjunction

Answer 17

Salicylic acid

Question 18

Non-glucuronide conjunction : Glutathione conjunction

Answer 18

Ethacrynic acid

Question 19

Non-glucuronide conjunction : acetyl conjugation (slow & rapid acetylation)

Answer 19

Isoniazid

Question 20

Consequence of phase 2 is inactivation of most drugs except for

Answer 20

Morphine is partially&raquo_space;Morphine-6-glucuronide(active)

Question 21

E.g on drugs metabolized by phase 2 then by phase 1

Answer 21

Isoniazid