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Geo > 5 > Flashcards

5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are electrons?

A

Negative orbit around nucleus

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2
Q

What are protons?

A

Positive orbit around nucleus

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3
Q

What are neutrons?

A

Neutral rotates around nucleus

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4
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

Sum of protons and electrons

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5
Q

What is atomic number?

A

Number of protons or electrons

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6
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Formed by electron transfer generates oppositely charged electrons

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7
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Bonds formed by sharing electrons

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8
Q

Why is bowens reaction series important? What does it do?

A

Explains mineral composition of different igneous rocks

Also shows stability of different minerals

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9
Q

What is the compositional difference between mafic, intermediate, and felsic?

A

The more felsic a rock is the more silica it has in it. The more mafic the less silica is in it

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10
Q

What determines how viscous lava is?

A

More felsic is more viscous

More mafic is less viscous

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11
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Breakdown via physical forces

Chemically is the same as a parent

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12
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Breakdown by chemical alteration

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13
Q

What are the processes by which chemical weathering takes place?

A

Iron oxidizing (rust)
Calcite dissolves in ground water
K-feldspar-hydrolysis-kaolinite (clay mineral)

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14
Q

What are the major physical forces that cause mechanical weathering?

A

Frost- repeated freezing and thawing in cracks or pores
Pressure release- rocks stable at high pressure but when we reach the surface they crack
Organic activity- roots grow in cracks and make cracks larger.

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15
Q

What is pedology?

A

Study of soil

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16
Q

Explain the soil profile

A

Horizon O- humus, organic matter
Horizon A-topsoil, organic matter not as high but still high
Horizon B-subsoil, low organic content
Horizon C-bedrock, altered parent material weathered
Parent rock

17
Q

What are the 3 main types of soil? And under what conditions are they formed?

A

Pedalfers-(humid) soil with Al and Fe
Pedocals-(arid) soil with calcite
Laterite-(tropic) intense weathering not very nutrient rich

18
Q

What are the major types of silicates?

A

Isolated (olivene)
Chain (pyroxene1, amphibole2)
Sheet (micas)
3D (Quartz and feldspar)

19
Q

What are chain silicates?

Example?

A

Form single or double chains by sharing oxygen between adjacent tetrahedron
1 chain Pyroxene 2 chain Amphibole

20
Q

What is sheet silicate?

Example

A

Form sheets by sharing oxygen between adjacent tetrahedron

Micas

21
Q

What are 3D silicates? Example

A

More complex

Quartz and feldspar

22
Q

What are the 2 main types of sedimentary rocks?

A

Paneritic

Alphabetic

23
Q

How are panetic rocks formed?

A

Slow cooling, can see crystals

24
Q

How are aphanetic rocks formed?

A

Cool very fast, can’t see crystals

25
Q

What is transgression?

A

Limestone
Shale
Sandstone
Sea level rising

26
Q

What is regression?

A

Sand stone
Shale
Limestone
Falling sea level

27
Q

What are the agents of metamorphism?

A

Heat, pressure, and fluid activity

28
Q

What are the types of metamorphism?

A

Contact-contact with extreme heat
Dynamic- entirely based on pressure
Regional- common at subduction zone

29
Q

What are metamorphic facies?

A

Reflects environment of origin

30
Q

What are metamorphic zones?

A

Areas of metamorphic activity

31
Q

What are index materials?

A

Materials that we know form at a specific temp and pres.

32
Q

What is a migmatite?

A

A rock composed of 2 intermingled but distinguishable components

33
Q

What is metamorphic grade?

A

Degree to which a rock has been altered

34
Q

What does it mean for a rock to be fissile?

A

Sedimentary rock splits into layers

35
Q

What is lithification?

A

Transforming sediment into sedimentary rock

36
Q

What is sedimentary facies?

A

Physical, chemical, or biological aspects of a sedimentary rock which gives info of environment of deposition

37
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with same number but different mass

38
Q

What is rounding?

A

Where rocks erode to be more round

39
Q

What is sorting?

A

When rocks are all about the same size

Geo (2 decks)

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