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SCEN > 5-8 VOCAB > Flashcards

5-8 VOCAB Flashcards

1
Q

______’s principle says: An immersed body is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces (for both liquids and gases).

A

Archimedes’ principle

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2
Q

The pressure exerted against bodies immersed in the atmosphere resulting from the weight of air pressing down from above. At seal level, atmospheric pressure is about 101 kPa.

A

Atmospheric pressure

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3
Q

Any device that measures atmospheric pressure.

A

Barometer

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4
Q

The product of pressure and volume is a constant for a given mass of confined gas regardless of changes in either pressure or volume individually, so long as the temperature remains unchanged.

A

Boyle’s Law

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5
Q

The net upward force that a fluid exerts on an immersed object.

A

Buoyant force

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6
Q

The amount of mass per unit of volume.

A

Density

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7
Q

_____’s principle says: A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid.

A

Pascal’s principle.

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8
Q

The ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed.

A

Pressure

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9
Q

The principle of _____ states that: A floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight.

A

Principle of Flotation

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10
Q

The temperature at which no further energy can be taken from a system.

A

Absolute zero

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11
Q

The measure of energy dispersal of a system. Whenever energy freely transforms from on form to another, the direction of transformation is toward a state of greater disorder.

A

Entropy

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12
Q

The thermal energy that flows from a substance of higher temperature to a substance of lower temperature, commonly measured in calories or joules.

A

Heat

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13
Q

According to the _____ law of ________ : Heat never spontaneously flows from a cold substance to a hot substance. Also, in natural processes, HIGH QUALITY energy tends to transform into LOWER-QUALITY energy—order tends to disorder.

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

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14
Q

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance be 1 DEGREE C.

A

Specific Heat Capacity

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15
Q

A measure of hotness of substances, related to the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees Celsius, degrees Fahrenheit, or kelvins.

A

Temperature

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16
Q

The total energy (kinetic plus potential) of the submicroscopic particles that make up a substance.

A

Thermal Energy

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17
Q

The study of thermal energy and its relationship to heat and work.

A

Thermodynamics

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18
Q

According to the ____ law of _________: No system can reach absolute zero.

A

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

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19
Q

A rapid state of evaporation that takes place within the liquid as well as its surface. As with evaporation, cooling of the liquid results.

A

Boiling

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20
Q

The change of phase from gas to liquid; the opposite of evaporation. Warming of both results.

A

Condensation

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21
Q

The transfer of thermal energy by molecular and electron collisions within a substance.

A

Conduction

22
Q

The transfer of thermal energy in a gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid.

A

Convection

23
Q

The change of phase at the surface of a liquid as it passes to the gaseous phase.

A

Evaporation

24
Q

The process of changing phase from liquid to solid, as from water to ice.

A

Freezing

25
Q

The amount of energy needed to change a unit mass of any substance from solid to liquid.

A

Heat of Fusion

26
Q

The amount of energy needed to change a unit mass of any substance from liquid to gas.

A

Heat of Vaporization

27
Q

The process of changing phase from solid to liquid, as from ice to water.

A

Melting

28
Q

The rate of loss of heat from a warm object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.

A

Newton’s Law of Cooling

29
Q

The molecular state of a substance: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

A

Phase

30
Q

The transfer of energy by means of electromagnetic waves.

A

Radiation

31
Q

The change of phase directly from solid to gas.

A

Sublimation

32
Q

The radian energy emitted by Earth.

A

Terrestrial Radiation

33
Q

An electric current that repeatedly reverses its direction; the electric charges vibrate about fixed points.

A

Alternating Current (ac)

34
Q

The unit of electric current; the rate of flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second.

A

Ampere

35
Q

Any material having free charged particles that easily flow through it when an electrical force acts on them.

A

Conductor

36
Q

The SI unit of electric charge.

A

Coulomb

37
Q

_______’s law states that: The relationship among electrical force, charge, and distance: If the charges are alike in sign, the force is repelling; if the charges are unlike, the force is attractive.

A

Coulomb’s Law

38
Q

An electric current flowing in one direction only.

A

Direct Current (dc)

39
Q

The flow of electric charge that transports energy from one place to another.

A

Electric Current

40
Q

Defined as force per unit charge, it can be considered an energetic aura surrounding charged objects. About a charged point, the field decreases with distance according to the inverse-square law, like a gravitational field. Between oppositely charged parallel plates, the _______ _______ is uniform.

A

Electric field

41
Q

The electric potential energy per amount of charge, measured in volts and often called VOLTAGE.

A

Electric potential

42
Q

The energy a charge possesses by virtue of its location in an electric field.

A

Electric potential energy

43
Q

The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work; the amount of energy per unit time, which can be measured by the product of current and voltage.

A

Electric Power

44
Q

The property of a materials that resists the flow of an electric current through it, measured in ohms.

A

Electrical resistance

45
Q

Term applied to an atom or molecule in which the charges are aligned so that one side has slight excess of positive charge and the other side a slight excess of negative charge.

A

Electrically polarized

46
Q

The current in a circuit varies in direct proportion to the potential difference or voltage and inversely with the resistance: Current = voltage/resistance

A

Ohm’s Law

47
Q

An electric circuit with two or more devices connected in such a way that the same voltage acts across each one, and any single one completes the circuit independently of all the others.

A

Parallel circuit

48
Q

The difference in potential between two points, measured in volts and often called VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE.

A

Potential Difference

49
Q

An electric circuit with devices connected in such a way that the current is the same in each device.

A

Series circuit

50
Q

Any material with zero electrical resistance, in which electrons flow without losing energy and without generating heat.

A

Superconductor

51
Q

Gas to Solid DIRECTLY

A

Deposition

SCEN (6 decks)

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