Industrial Manufacturing

Question 1

How is ammonia made

Answer 1

By combining nitrogen and hydrogen

Question 2

Where is the hydrogen from

Answer 2

Natural gas or cracking of hydrocarbons

Question 3

Where is the nitrogen from

Answer 3

From the air

Question 4

Haber process equation

Answer 4

3H2(g) + N2 2NH3

^H = -92kJ/mol

Question 5

Haber process conditions

Answer 5

450*C
200 atmospheres
Iron catalyst

Question 6

Haber process

Why do the conditions not complete

Answer 6

Only some converted to ammonia
Gases cooked and ammonia turns to liquid
Unreacted goes back into the reaction chamber

Question 7

Uses of ammonia

Answer 7

Manufacture of fertilisers
Manufacture of nitric acid
Manufacture of nylon

Question 8

Making sulfuric acid is…?

Answer 8

The contact process

Question 9

Making ammonia

Answer 9

The Haber process

Question 10

Phase 1 contact process

Answer 10

Sulphur dioxide made by burning sulfur in air

S(s) + O2(g) -> SO2(g)

Question 11

Phase 2 contact

Answer 11

2SO2(g) + O2 2SO3(g)

Temp of 450*
Pressure of 1-2atm
Vanadium oxide as catalyst
98%yield

Question 12

Phase 3 contact

Answer 12

Sulfur trioxide combined with sulfuric acid
Weak due to impure
To make oleum

SO3(g) + H2SO4(l) -> H2S2O7(l)

Question 13

Phase 4 contact

Answer 13

Oleum is diluted to make concentrated solution of sulfuric acid

H2S2O7(l) + H2O (l) ->2H2SO4(l)

Question 14

Uses of sulfuric acid

Answer 14

Manufacture of detergents
Paints
Fertilisers

Question 15

Manufacture of sodium hydroxide and chlorine

Answer 15

Electrolysis of sodium chloride (brine)

Hydrogen is the useful byproduct f electrolysis

Question 16

Brine diagram key parts

Answer 16

Conc sodium chloride solution goes in

Titanium anode
Chloride out

Diaphragm

Steel cathode
Hydrogen out
Sodium hydroxide solution contaminated with sodium chloride out

Question 17

Brine anode

Answer 17

Titanium

2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-

Chloride ions lose electrons to form chlorine molecules

Question 18

Brine cathode

Answer 18

Steel

2H2O + 2e- -> 2OH- + H2

Question 19

Brine why keep apart

Answer 19

If they mix then they form bleach

Question 20

Uses of sodium hydroxide

Answer 20

Manufacture of bleach
Of paper
Of soup
Of detergents

Question 21

Uses of chlorine

Answer 21

Sterilising water supplies (swimming pools)
Manufacture of bleach
Of Hydrochloric acid
Of PVC