Ch. 22-25

Question 1

Taught his contemporaries how authoritarian governments could use liberal and nationalistic forces to bolster their own power

Answer 1

Napoleon III

Question 2

Was a military conflict fought between October 1853 - March 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire.

Answer 2

Crimean War

Question 3

Political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.

Answer 3

Unification of Italy

Question 4

political and administrative movement that formed into one nation state officially occurred on January 18, 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors at Palace of Versailles in France

Answer 4

Unification of Germany

Question 5

King William of Prussia appointed this man as the new prime minister.

Answer 5

Otto von Bismark

Question 6

consisted of two monarchies and one autonomous region

Answer 6

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Question 7

many peasants were under a condition of bondage

Answer 7

Serfdom

Question 8

Issued an emancipation edict, allowing peasants to own property, marry as they chose, and bring suits in the law courts.

Answer 8

Alexander II

Question 9

A radical journalist who joined with Friedrich Engels to write The Communist Manifesto, which proclaimed the ideas of a revolutionary socialism.

Answer 9

Karl Marx

Question 10

Focused on the outer, material world. Described a new style of painting and soon spread to literature.

Answer 10

Realism

Question 11

Revolutionized the automobile industry with the mass production of the affordable Model T.

Answer 11

Henry Ford

Question 12

political ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a capitalist economy, and a policy regime involving welfare state provisions, collective bargaining arrangements, regulation of the economy in the general interest, measures for income redistribution, and a commitment to representative democracy.

Answer 12

Social Democrats

Question 13

This was one of the most important consequences of industrialization and the population explosion of the nineteenth century

Answer 13

Urbanization

Question 14

A product of the mass society of the late nineteenth century. Being educated in the early nineteenth century meant attending a secondary school or possibly even a university

Answer 14

Mass Education

Question 15

Evening hours after work, weekends, and later a week or two in the summer provided a time for everyone to relax

Answer 15

Mass Leisure

Question 16

First woman to receive Nobel Prizes. She died from leukemia, a result of her laboratory work with radioactivity.

Answer 16

Marie & Pierre Curie

Question 17

Presented his special theory of relativity (space and time are not absolute but relative to the observer, and both are interwoven into what he called a four-dimensional space-time continuum

Answer 17

Albert Einstein

Question 18

Said that Western bourgeois society was decadent and incapable of any real cultural creativity, primarily because of its excessive emphasis on the rational faculty at the expense of emotions, passions, and instincts.

Answer 18

Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 19

Founded psychoanalysis, saying human behavior was strongly determined by the unconscious, earlier experiences, and inner forces of which people were largely unaware. (ID, Ego, and superego)

Answer 19

Sigmund Freud

Question 20

belief that accepted the material world as real and felt that literature should be realistic.

Answer 20

naturalism

Question 21

belief that objective knowledge of the world was impossible. The external world was not real but only a collection of symbols that reflected the true reality of the individual human mind.

Answer 21

Symbolism

Question 22

A movement that originated in France in the 1870s when a group of artists rejected the studios and museums and went out into the countryside to paint nature directly.

Answer 22

Impressionism

Question 23

Retained the Impressionist emphasis on light and color but revolutionized it even further by paying more attention to structure and form.

Answer 23

Postimpressionism

Question 24

Post-Impressionist, for him art was a spiritual experience. Painted The Starry Night.

Answer 24

Vincent van Gogh

Question 25

From Spain moved to Paris, Post-Impressionist, extremely versatile and painted in a remarkable variety of styles. Developed new style, Cubism.

Answer 25

Pablo Picasso

Question 26

Began abstract painting, sought to avoid representation altogether.

Answer 26

Vasily Kandinsky

Question 27

the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.

Answer 27

Feminism

Question 28

founded the Women’s Social and Political Union, which enrolled mostly middle- and upper-class women.

Answer 28

Emmeline Pankhurst

Question 29

Bad treatment of Jews

Answer 29

Anti-semitism

Question 30

Hundreds of thousands of Jews decided to emigrate, many went to the US, but some moved to Palestine, the biblical homeland of the Jews, which soon became the focus of this Jewish national movement

Answer 30

Zionism

Question 31

A key leader in the Zionism movement, in 1896 he published a book called The Jewish State in which he maintained that “the Jews who wish it will have their sate.”

Answer 31

Theodor Herzl

Question 32

The revival of imperialism after 1880 in which European nations established colonies throughout much of Asia and Africa.

Answer 32

Impreialism

Question 33

A poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling.

Answer 33

“The White Man’s Burden”

Question 34

a British businessman, mining magnate and politician in South Africa, who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his British South Africa Company founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia, which the company named after him.

Answer 34

Cecil Rhodes

Question 35

As armies grew, so did the influence of military leaders, who drew up vast and complex plans for quickly mobilizing millions of men and enormous quantities of supplies in the event of war.

Answer 35

Militarism

Question 36

A Serbian terrorist organization dedicated to the creation of a pan-Slavic kingdom.

Answer 36

Black Hand

Question 37

Germany could not mobilize its troops against Russia and therefore declared war on France on August 3 after issuing an ultimatum to Belgium on August 2 demanding the right of German troops to pass through Belgian territory.

Answer 37

Schlieffen Plan

Question 38

Southwest of Constantinople

Answer 38

Gallioli

Question 39

a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers’ extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the detachment from civilian life felt by many of these soldiers upon returning home from the front.

Answer 39

All Quiet on the Western Front

Question 40

suppression of speech, public communication or other information which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as determined by government

Answer 40

Censorship

Question 41

War-promoting advertisements

Answer 41

Propoganda

Question 42

Autocratic ruler of Russia who relied on the army and bureaucracy to prop up his regime.

Answer 42

Nicholas II & Alexandra

Question 43

Women marched the city of Petrograd in Russia, chanting and it shut down all the factories, Nicholas II order soldiers to disperse the crowds, but the troops joined the demonstrators.

Answer 43

February (March) Revolution

Question 44

A small faction of the Marxist Social Democrats who had come under the leadership of Vladimir Ulianov Lenin.

Answer 44

Bolsheviks

Question 45

Was arrested for revolutionary activity, and after his release he chose to go into exile in Switzerland and eventually assumed the leadership of the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic party

Answer 45

Vladimir Lenin

Question 46

Chairman of the Petrograd soviet

Answer 46

Leon Trotsky

Question 47

Slogan for the Bolsheviks

Answer 47

“Peace, Land, and Bread”

Question 48

Took control of Russia

Answer 48

Communist Party

Question 49

War fought in US between North and South (confederate army vs union army)

Answer 49

Civil War

Question 50

the first international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

Answer 50

League of nations

Question 51

she was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat, causing the deaths of 1,198 passengers and crew

Answer 51

Lusitania