9. Bacterial and Misc Enteric Diseases

Question 1

Etiology of Clostridial Enterotoxemia

Answer 1

Clostridium spiroforme

Question 2

Predisposition to clostridial enterotoxemia is caused by:

Answer 2

Decreased in fiber
Weaning
Change from restricted feeding to ad libitum feeding
Stress
Coinfections
Abx

Question 3

C/S of clostridial enterotoxemia

Answer 3

Peracute death
Wt loss
Anorexia
Most commonly: Watery diarrhea with fetid odor

Question 4

Gross pathology of clostridial enterotoxemia

Answer 4

Hemorrhagic necrotic typhlitis

Paintbrush hemorrhages over serosa

Question 5

Histopathology of Clostridial enterotoxemia

Answer 5

Large, fluid-filled, edmatous cecum

Mucosal cell swelling, vacuolation

Question 6

What kind of diet fed to weanlings predisposes them to Clostridial enterotoxemia?

Answer 6

Low fiber, high energy diet

Causes cecal hypomotility and more availability of simple carbohydrates (required for C. spiroforme proliferation)

Question 7

Rabbit vulnerability to C. spiroforme - adults vs weanlings

Answer 7

Exposure alone causes dz in weanlings

Exposure alone is not enough to cause dz in weanlings

Question 8

Tx for Clostridial enterotoxemia

Answer 8

IV fluids
Transfaunation
Probiotics
Abx

Question 9

Prevention of Clostridial enterotoxemia

Answer 9

Feeding practices - don’t overfeed, avoid early weaning, change feed gradually, provide sufficient fiber

Question 10

Colibacillosis etiology

Answer 10

E. coli

Question 11

E. coli is normally found in the GI of rabbits - T or F?

Answer 11

F

Question 12

What changes in cecal pH may cause colibacillosis?

Answer 12

Increases in cecal pH

Question 13

5 types of pathogenic E. coli?

Answer 13

1. Enteroinvasive
2. Enterotoxic
3. Enterohemorrhagic
4. Enteroaggregative
5. Enteropathogenic

Question 14

Most common E. coli strain involved in rabbit enteric disease

Answer 14

Enteropathogenic

Question 15

How does enteropathogenic E. coli cause disease?

Answer 15

Attach to mucosal surface, effacing the epithelium (flattening it)
This causes loss of microvilli, leading to diarrhea

Question 16

Colibacillosis is seen most commonly in which age group/

Answer 16

4-6 week old weanlings

Question 17

E. coli on histo

Answer 17

Colonies adhered to colon surface

Question 18

Tx for colibacillosis

Answer 18

Supportive care (fluids)
Abx (quinolone)
High fiber diet
Cull severely affected animals

Question 19

Tyzzer’s triad

Answer 19

Heart, intestines, liver

Question 20

Primary site of infection of Tyzzer’s

Answer 20

GI ,then goes to heart and liver

Question 21

C. piliforme gram positive or negative?

Answer 21

Obligate intracellular gram positive organism (but can appear gram negative)

Question 22

Tramission of Tyzzer’s

Answer 22

Ingestion of spores

Question 23

C/S of Tyzzer’s

Answer 23

Most infections are subclinical

Diarrhea, listlessness, anorexia, dehydration, death

Question 24

Gross pathology of Tyzzers

Answer 24

Ecchymotic or petechial hemorrhages on serosal surface

Question 25

Histo of Tyzzers

Answer 25

Silver stain shows "pickup sticks" | Multifocal tan to yellow foci of necrosis or heomrrhage in myocardium

Question 26

Tx of Tyzzers

Answer 26

Abx are ineffective due to brief clinical course, intracellular location, spore formation Culling

Question 27

How should Tyzzers spores be decontaminated

Answer 27

1% peracetic acid or chlorine dioxide

Question 28

Salmonella spp implicated in salmonellosis in rabbits

Answer 28

Salmonella enterica

Question 29

Pathogenesis of Salmonella

Answer 29

Fecal oral transmission, organisms colonize ileum and LI They invade epithelium, transported to lymphoid cells Once intracellular, they proliferate in phagosomes

Question 30

C/S of salmonellosis

Answer 30

Usually peracute, lethal with few clinical signs | Septicemia, diarrhea

Question 31

Tx of Salmonellosis

Answer 31

Cull

Question 32

Lawsonia has a strong tropism for which cells?

Answer 32

Crypt cells

Question 33

C/S of Lawsonia

Answer 33

Diarrhea, wt loss, dehydration, depression

Question 34

Stain for Lawsonia

Answer 34

Warthin-Starry

Question 35

Tx for Lawsonia

Answer 35

Fluids

Question 36

Etiology of mucoid enteropathy

Answer 36

Unknown , but associated with E. coli, Clostridium, Eimeria

Question 37

Theory of mucoid enteropathy pathogenesis

Answer 37

Cecum pH decrease causes GI flora change

Question 38

Mucoid enteropathy gross pathology

Answer 38

Lumen of Si and LI plugged with mucus, esp ileum

Question 39

Tx for ME

Answer 39

Supportive care Withhold food ad lib water High qual alfalfa hay and salt for 1 week Gradually return to normal feed over a week

Question 40

ME prevention

Answer 40

High quality feed with 12-14% fiber content | High fiber increases motility and reduces carbs available for hindgut fermentation

Question 41

Where will trichobezoar form most commonly?

Answer 41

Pylorus

Question 42

Tx for trichobezoar

Answer 42

Hydration, nutritional support, metoclopramide